The Reflective Manager Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Reflective Manager - Assignment Example40 as cited in Hoyrup, 2004). Hence, aspect in its broadest sense is active and not passive. Reflection is a conscious(p) decision to be aw atomic number 18 of e verything that needs to be done in order to accomplish a long-term goal, even if the insight gained might not be favourable.Come to think of it, when someone or an organisation commits a mistake, should that person or institution just go on with their lives They should and ought to find come to the fore what went wrong. They must identify the causes which produced a negative outcome than what was originally planned. Hence, at this stage, reflection is a very important step for them to learn. Otherwise, they will commit the same or even worse mistake, resulting to possible losings of money or even life. In this writing, I shall endeavour to present the broad use of reflection in organizations based on the finding of the research literature. It is my hope that managers will util ize reflection in their work place.On my part, reflection should be included as standard operating procedure. In other(a) words, after a certain period has elapsed, employees and managers should reflect on their progress as members of an organization and that they should prise the progress of the project they are engaged with. Essentially, it is better to use reflection when things are doing well, or at least nothing disastrous has happened, or is about to happen. This is like the mistake of many in praying for Gods vindication and delivery after everything went wrong, when people if they believe in a Divine Being, ought to pray beforehand. There are many instruments for reflection. Let us start with the personal learning ledger. This could take the form of the traditional paper and pen. If an employee is web-savvy, he or she could use a personal blog for this. A personal learning journal is a diary, journal, or log where a person can write about his or her experiences doing an activity. This could likewise include learning about complex concepts, or simply by working. I found this expedient since research shows that students using a personal learning journal develop reflective skills. These skills make them to a greater extent likely to learn and appreciate a subject than their non-reflective counterparts. Lyons (1999, p. 33, as cited in Loo & Thorpe, 2002) opined Developing reflective skills make students more confident in their learning, fostered responsibility and accountability and assisted in integration of theory and practice.In making a personal learning journal, the following questions could be asked and used as starting points (Scanlon and Chernomas, 1997 as cited in Loo & Thorpe, 2002) (1) What was that event or concept that made me learn(2) What are the things I in condition(p) and in what way did I learn them(3) How do I feel about that which I wise(p) If good, what are they If bad, what are they(4) Is there a way by which on the next try I could learn more effectively and efficiently (5) If so, what prevented me from learning effectively and efficiently in the first tryOn the level of the individual employee, such reflection will help him or her. But but step must be done. Once a group has agreed that its members will write a personal learning journal, the members of that group should schedule a special meeting where each could share the insights gained. ground on the learning

Financial Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Economics - Essay Example everyplace time the option fecal matter gain a lot of value if the price of the roue rises since the employee has the serious to purchase the stocks at the predetermined price. Since the objective for the employee is to gain the maximum monetary benefit realistic as a beneficiary of a stock option plan I would encourage the order to follow out pecuniary and investment strategies that will increase the value of the hearty. In order to learn the best scheme to optimize the value of the stock option plan we must evaluate the potential effects of the company choosing increased dividend payout strategy vs. stock repurchase program.The dividend payout policy of a firm refers to the decision regarding the magnitude of the dividend payout which is the contribution of earnings paid to the stockholders in the form of dividends (Referencefor pedigree). The owner of a companys common stock will always prefer to have the highest dividend payout possibl e. One of the main reasons people like dividends so lots is because they are obtaining an immediate financial return instead of waiting for the sale of the stock to achieve a capital gain. In order to better understand the effect of dividend we must recognize the existence of retained earnings. At the end an accounting period when profits are determine the board of director can either declare dividends or kept the profits in the form of retained earnings. When money is not distributed and it is kept as retained earnings the company can utilize these funds to make the business grow. If a company is able to invest its money wisely in high yield projects, the firm can achieve internal grow that will raise the market value of the company.During bad financial times such as the current global recession it is common for companies to reduce their payout of cash dividends in order to maintain its liquidity and to keep its cash balance as high as possible (Bigda). A sector that has been horr ibly as far as reduction in

Describe Maslow's hierarchy of needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Describe Maslows hierarchy of unavoidably - Essay idealHuman tries to first achieve deficiency of necessity than after he tries to achieve growth postulate that are continually shaping behavior Wikipedia.Biological and Physiological necessitys Physiological needs inquire highest priority, because it can control thoughts and behaviors causing people to feel sick, pain and discomfort. These subjects of needs mainly consist of air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep, homeostasis and riddanceSafety needs This need comes after the Physiological needs are met. This is a natural phenomenon that adept moves next level after achieving one stage. Everyone wants to have safety and security. This may be for physical security, health security, employment security, revenues, property and resources security, moral and physiological security, family security, etc.Belongingness and Love needs When physiological and safety needs are met than human want to have social needs that mainly i nvolves emotionally based relationships. This type of needs is workgroup, supportive and communicative family, affection, relationships, Friendship, and sexual intimacy. A human nature needs to feel be and acceptances from social group or social connections and love and to be loved (sexually and non-sexually) by others. Absence of these needs can cause one to feel being alone and depressed. Sometime belonging and love need overcome the physiological and safety needs that depend on the strength of the peer pressure.Esteem inescapably According to Maslow, all humans have a need to be respected, to have self-respect, and to respect others. concourse need to engage themselves in order to gain recognition. People have an activity or activities that course the person a sense of contribution, to feel accepted and self-value, be it in a profession or hobby. Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem, inferiority complexes, and an inflated sense of

Sam Houston Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sam Houston - Essay ExampleSam Houston was born in the category 1793 in their plantation, in Rockbridge County, Virginia. During his boyhood, he acquired elementary education by attending a local school for a period less than six months. He migrated with his mother together with other siblings to Blount County in Tennessee when his father died in the year 1807. He joined a nearby academy and continued with his education reading to a greater extent of classical literature. He ref employ his brothers attempts to work on the farm and in the store, in Maryville. The mother was a farmer, and they relied majorly on family labor since they could spend time on the farm during weekends and in the evenings after school. It is at this time that he ran away from home in 1809 and lived among the Cherokees. He joined the Army in the United States in the year 1813, and within a period of less than a year, he became promoted to the post of a third lieutenant. It was at this instance that he embarke d on his career growth in the public sector before go to Texas, where he ventured into politics.There is no doubt that Sam Houston had an immense contribution to the politics and laws of Texas. He move into Texas in the year 1832, and this is where he began his attractorship and political career. He served as a delegate at the Convention of 1833 under the leadership of Wharton H. William. He pursued a law practice while in Nacogdoches.... He became later elected as the president of Texas, defeating Austin F. Stephen. During his tenure in office, he in effect guided the state through many tribulations and trials. During his first term, he founded the town of Houston in 1836 which would be used as the capital city during his administration. He too put up various infrastructural facilities such as roads, schools and health facilities to improve the lives of spate. He sought to demilitarize the republic of Texas by carefully furloughing the army. He as well as ensured that there was no trouble between the Indians and the white settlers. After leaving the office as Texas President after the first term, he served as a congressman in the House of Representatives from 1839 to 1841(Randolph 103). He impertinent President Lamars expansionist tendencies and cruel measures toward the Indians. Houston succeeded President Lamar for his second term in office, in celestial latitude 1841. He stressed financial transparency and considerably reduced offices and salaries for all government employees. This would be aimed at getting enough money to provide social amenities to the people. He established peace and adept with the Indian people by making several treaties. He also managed to avoid war with the people of Mexico. While serving as a Senator between the year1846 to 1859, Houston distinguished himself as a political leader who cared for humanity irrespective of race and the religion. He voted against slavery since he believed it was an ardent injustice to mankind. S am Houston was an large(p) leader. He proved to be an intelligent and decisive leader who assisted Texas to secure independence. He also contributed in ensuring that the

Research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

seek proposal - Essay ExampleSimilarly, it will look at all the setbacks of a small business when the particular steps are not accomplished. For instance, a micro business should ensure all the customer relationship managers keep close business relationships with their customers (Fjermestad and Romano, 20069). This will fructify the managers to ensure they are serving the customers according to their get hold ofs. With satisfied customers, it is most likely that the business will elaborate in execution of its duties. However, in most cases, managers that are haphazard in their duties will repel customers. Therefore, it is in the best interests of the micro business to consider this factor. Literature Review Customer relationship management depicts the exemplar that is riding habitd in micro business to interact with the customers that are allied to the business. Similarly, it also depicts preparation for interactions with the potence customers that are likely to transact busin esses with the business in the near future. Therefore, the management should be prepared to remove with these customers in the best way possible. To begin with, there is a need to use engineering science in organizing the activities of the business, which includes use of sophisticated technology in dealing with customers (Fjermestad and Romano, 200619). ... With such(prenominal) preparation, the business will serve customers in the best manner possible. As such, customers will not waste their time while waiting to be served. Similarly, the business should be well prepared in sales and marketing. Sales and marketing starts with the incumbent customers and extends to other(a) customers that do not have any culture relating to the business. Therefore, the customer service relationship management will have to engage other creative measures in reaching out to other customers in the region. Without such activities, the business is likely to record dismal performance (Winter, Zhao and Aier, 2010353). In addition to this, there is a need for technical support. This is an aspect that deals with technical and complex issues while dealing with customers. Some customers have technical sues that are not solved without technical support. This will lead to satisfactory delivery of services. This research will use numerous methods in evaluating the customer relations management in the micro business. First, it will highlight the technology that is used in customer services (Khosrowpour, 200616). Since technology is a vital factor, gathering ample information on this factor will be instrumental in the research. Secondly, the research will reflect on the activities the firm uses in strengthening customer relations. This includes CRM systems used as call centers, CRM representatives that are present in the field, CRM used in telemarketing, CRM systems in the field controlled by managers, CRM systems used for marketing and CRM systems to service customers and clients (Krishna murthy, 2006120). Research objectives Research objectives are deemed to highlight on the effectiveness and efficiency of the CRM. If CRM is hell-bent on these objectives,

Capital in the 21 Centurey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Capital in the 21 Centurey - Essay ExampleBonds were, in essence, hotshot populations claim over the rest who paid theyre taxes. How forever, to find out the wealthinesss ownership has been much complex as it is today in a world characterized by what Piketty refers to as financial intermediation. The existing financial system with the banks makes it complex to realize the ownership of wealth which is deposited by the common man and invested by the bank. Businesses then operated in similar ways as the reach times with entrepreneurs founding startups and then offering stock options, earning slap-up gains, and investing some of it back into the business. The after part line is that capital was an essential part of the society, beyond narrative stories, some of which operated as dynamic assets.By comparing the other(a) businessman with the present system, the author has drawn many parallels in both the systems of capital and investment. With this Piketty (83) points out the risky n ature of capital that has always been so at least in its early stages when it is also entrepreneurial in nature. The modern perception has it that capital has become more dynamic ever since the eighteenth century. The recorded literature from Britain and France provide the most information. It is observed that the capital-income ratio has remained stable between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries for both Britain and France following a similar trend. This was followed by a sudden surge in the twentieth century which then returned to similar levels during the World War I (Picketty, 86). Hence, national capital which is the join of private and public capital was defined as the sum of cultivated land, housing, other domestic capital, and net alien capital (Piketty, 87). Foreign capital was extensively shaped by regional colonial powers and the variable play an important role in determining national capital. The most prominent changes have been the replacement of farmland while total capital

Transfusion in the patient with Sickle cell Disease Essay

Transfusion in the patient with Sickle electric cell Disease - Essay Examplee, blood blood transfusion strategy is applied to prevent the recurrence, or the first occurrence, of stroke which is a major crisis in SCD, and to perform pulmonary hypertension and other sources of morbidity and mortality. Exchange transfusions atomic number 18 used to exituce the sickle cell haemoglobin (HbS) levels during crisis. Several situations also exist wherein the indication for red cell transfusion is controversial, uncertain, or downright injudicious. Many side effects of transfusion have been identified and methods to overcome them have been developed. Iron fleece (remedy iron chelation), and alloimmunisation (remedy phenotypical matching of transfused blood) are two notable examples. Association of haemoglobinopathies and neurologic sequelae after transfusion is also known. At the present time, bone marrow transplant is the only curative procedure operable for both SCD and -thalassaemia m ajor. Potential therapies involving stem cell transplantation and gene techniques are being vigorously researched.A detailed discussion of the current status of clinical management strategies as applied to acquire haemoglobin-related diseases in particular, sickle cell disease and the thalassaemias, is presented in this paper.Anaemia is a syndrome characterised by a want of healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin deficiency in the red blood cells, resulting in inadequate oxygen supply to the tissues. The condition can be temporary, long-term or chronic, and of mild to serious intensity. There are many forms and causes of anaemia. Normal blood consists of three types of blood cells white blood cells (leucocytes), platelets and red blood cells (erythrocytes). The first generation of erythrocyte precursors in the developing foetus are produced in the yolk sac. They are carried to the developing liver-colored by the blood where they form mature red blood cells that are required to mee t the metabolic needs of the foetus. Until the 18th week of gestation, erythrocytes are produced only by liver

Why Failure is on the Path to Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why Failure is on the caterpillar track to Success - Essay ExampleBut, what value is education if students atomic number 18 non fully prep bed to go out into the world and discover a career that they can be successful at? The justice is that the option to fail students is an important part of a quality education system. Mary Sherry, in In Praise of the F Word, argues for the idea that students must be flunked if they are non up to standard. There are three campaigns why the choice to fail a student must be present the guardianship of failure, and competition, lead to a better quality student, education is worthless if a student does not amaze sufficient career skills, and failure can sometimes be inevitable in order for a student to achieve success. The choice to fail students must be an option because the fear of failure, and competition, lead to a better quality student. The majority of students do not possess the ability to motivate themselves from within. There are of co urse the rare few who befool the natural ability to always excel at any(prenominal) task that they perform. If students are not given clear boundaries and expectations, thusly they are likely to meander without a goal or vision. If a student is not permitted to fail, and then there is no incentive to excel. It is then good enough just to survive through school while not learning anything to a high degree. Almost every student would not voluntarily choose to fail, so if the option is presented to them, then they will certainly do everything to avoid it. Learning to compete and strive for excellence at altogether times is actually beneficial to a student because with enough guidance, they can motivate themselves enough to actually succeed. Just like in Communist countries, where everyone receives the same pay no matter the profession, there is no incentive to actually improve because it is possible to get by with just doing the bare minimum. Another reason why failure must be co nsidered an option is because education is worthless if a student does not develop sufficient career skills. A few hundred years ago, the education institutions that are in place today were not yet founded. The majority of the population was uneducated, and thus could not rise in the economic ladder. When education began, the whole purpose was to equip people with skills that they could use to uplift themselves. If students do not possess the knowledge required after receiving an education, then their teachers, and the education system as a whole, have ultimately failed them. Not save that letting students pass who have not truly earned their qualifications not entirely deceives the student, save any employer that is considering hiring them. As Mary Sherry says in In Praise of the F Word, fugacious students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. Finally, failure must be on the table because failure can sometimes be inevitable in order for a student to achieve success. There are some students who are naturally gifted, and education is a snap fastener to them. That is all fine and good, and those students should be encouraged to go as far as they can. However, the vast majority of students do not know how to succeed because they are not naturally gifted. These students often fail apparently because they are unsure of how to succeed. But, failing makes up a significant part of their education process because only once they fail do they realize what it takes to succeed. If failure is not an option, then they may appear to succeed, but will their appeared success help them at all? As Thomas Edison once said, failing is only finding one way that does not succeed. Once failures are eliminated, then success can be reached. Most people are afraid of failure, and rightly so, but

Media and public relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Media and public relation - Essay ExampleInclusion of an brass instrument in the definition of PR may result into a misunderstanding of what PR really entails thereby obedient confusion of linkage between PR and other communication modes advanced by an organization such as advertisement. As such, it is important to note that unlike most of the other communication modes by organizations, PR does not require direct payments. In circumstance, this seemingly forms the basic distinction between PR and advertising in relation to advancing marketing communication. Additionally, the Primary goal of PR is to inform the publics thereby well-favored them a sense of the desired perspective towards the picky party in play. PR can be expenditured in various different platforms such as business organizations and government related matters. Nevertheless, for this peculiar(a) paper the focus will lie more on the factors affecting the historical development of PR in relation to two countries, Germany and the United States (US). The choice of these two countries is mainly based on the fact they are among the first pioneers of PR hence are at a better position of exploring such(prenominal) of the history attached to PR. Some of the factors considered to affect PR development range from cultural to political and the habitual development of the country among others.Modern PR plays numerous roles in favor of its users through persuasion and thence getting the desired results. One of the most common applications of modern PR by different organizations is lobbying. Lobbying involves use of communication strategies to persuade the government to act in favor of the particular party in play. For example, an organization may write to a congress member seeking a vote against a veritable bill that may impact negatively to the organization if it is passed. Such an action is considered lobbying since it expresses an opinion regarding to a particular legislation. Similarly, ancient communications have some traces of lobbying hence qualifying them as

India, the Sleeping Giant, Has Now Awakened Essay

India, the Sleeping Giant, Has Now Awakened - Essay ExampleIndia, the sleeping giant, has now awakened and has been brought into the van of economic progress through brain baron. In the recent years, India has come to known in the incarnate world as being able to provide reliable, b slump, and hardworking digital workers. Large companies such as GE have made India one of their more important bases of operations, which has engendered a job explosion in the country and a loss of jobs for many Americans. Furthermore, it is non only Americans who outsource, other countries in like manner come to Indiaand not the U.S. anymorefor the best innovative ideas at a lower cost. Corporate America needs to prepare to the India Effect through a retraining of workers and an increase in educational preparation. If the U.S. manages the India Effect in the right bureau, this could result in a brain gain that accelerates productivity and innovation (Kripalani and Engardio, 2003).India has reinven ted itself through brain power at the detriment of the American economy. It is true that this has led to many Americans losing their jobs and this may also pave the way of America being dethroned from the high seat of innovation. However, the authors made a good point by stating that this could also lead to the US being forced to become better and brighter. Banning outsourcing is not the solutionIf this is handled correctly, even in the midst of a recession, the US can emerge from this stronger and more competitive.

Regional Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Regional Paper - Essay practice sessionThis trend of regional integration, irrefutably, posts opportunities for business organizations and gives birth to multinational companies. The formation of free trade zones and regional axiss irrefutable lowers the cost of business operation because generally, it encourages countries to attract the inflow of alien direct investments by means of tax holidays and separate financial incentives. It should be noted that this practice is very common especially in developing countries where foreign direct investment is viewed as a way to curb unemployment, increase local competition, enhance the talent of the domestic industry players and stimulate the whole economy. Regional integration also opens doors for other business activities through joint venture, licensing, franchising, and others.Regional integration also posts opportunities of costs savings to business organizations. finished trade blocs, companies ar also able to take advantage o f lower input costs of certain materials which can be readily imported from other countries since tariffs and quotas are eliminated. It should also be noted that globalization also do possible the transfer of service from one country to another. Coupled with the rapid development and wide popularity of the mesh and other advance technologies, business organizations are able to lower their costs of operation by outsourcing diverse back-office operate from countries which have relatively lower wage requirements but with a pool of skilled workforce. Through business process outsourcing, companies enhance their profitability by incurring lower operational expenses while enable them to focus on their major activities and core competencies. The North American Free Trade Agreement is a regional bloc with members including Canada, Mexico, and United States (North American Free Trade Agreement 2006). It is apparent that the countries comprising this regional bloc present different stages of frugal development. During the time of integration, the United States is already recognized as one of the economic superpowers in the world with its high level of GDP and wages. The United States largest sector in the economy is the services which employs almost 75% of the entire population (US Department of State 2007). Similarly, Canada is one of the worlds wealthiest nations with its high per capita income. This country has been ontogenesis rapidly in the past years with low unemployment rate and large government surpluses on the federal official level. The country has remarkably maintained the best economic performance in the G8 since the recession in 2001. It should be noted that Canada is the second largest nation in the world next to the United States (US Department of State 2007). Mexico, in comparison, lags behind its trade partners in terms of economic performance. Even though it recently manages to improve its income, Mexico serene suffers from the large disparity of income between the upper and lower social classes. Compared to its trading partners, the country has a far lower wage rate (US Department of State 2007). With its establishment in the 1994, this agreement has brought numerous developments in each of the countries business sector. For one,

Nutritional Assessment Concerns in Competitive athletes Population Research Paper

nutritional Assessment Concerns in Competitive athletes Population - Research Paper Example some other athlete hit is which best solid food supplements to take. The food supplements contain different quantities of vitamins, minerals, and other food needs. The article, Supplement Use in Sports Is There a Potentially Dangerous Incongruence Between Rationale and Practice? ((Petroczi & Naughton, 2007), focuses on the dietary supplements to elicit athletes sports performance. The research centered on the athletes improved sports performance by enhancing their dietary expenditure. The researches delved into the analyzing the evident patterns when comparing the intake and rationale in terms of the athletes dietary supplements. Supplements include vitamins, minerals, herbal remedies, herbal products, and amino acids. The research similarly shows that the overdose of food supplements have toxic side effects on the athletes.In addition, the article, Comparison of pre-worked nitrous oxide stimulating dietary supplements on skeletal tendon oxygen saturation, blood nitrate/nitrite, lipid peroxidation, and stop number body exercise performance in Resistance Trained Men (Canale et al., 2010), focuses on research on three different pre-workout food supplements. The research focused on the effect of the food supplements of the athletes skeletal muscle oxygen saturation, blood nitrate/nitrite, lactate, malondialdehyde, and exercise outcomes. The research conclusions state only GlycoCarn supplement offers practical boosting benefits to the athletes.Another athlete concern is the effect of food supplements on enhancing the elderly athletes sports performance. In response, the article Arginine and Antioxidant Supplement on Performance in Elderly Male Cyclists A Randomized Controlled Trial (Chen et al, 2010) focused on food supplements capacity to enhance sports performance, answering this concern. The research focused on the

Proctor and Gambles Takeover of Gillette Case Study

Proctor and Gambles Takeover of Gillette - Case Study ExampleKilts assumeed to ensure that the long profitability of Gillette continued, with three well-known brands in its portfolio it was at a disadvantage to companies like P&G which had approximately 150 major brands. To ensure sustainability and future profitability for the touch consenters of Gillette he approached the merger with Lafley and P&G in 2002 originally and then subsequently in 2004. The opportunities resulting from this merger included a solid go for current shareholders as well as future profitability for P&G and Gillette as a singular business under the P&G name. Unfortunately, the problems included public reaction which was seen in media attacks following(a) the merger in 2005 as well as the state of Massachusetts. Additionally, the possibility of losing money for shareholders if the deal glowering out badly was an ever-present threat. However, the opportunities for profit and a mutually beneficial future fo r both companies outweighed the say-so problems. Between both companies, there were defined market shares P&G did not really hold a market share in razors, toothbrushes, and batteries though it did maintain a large market share in other similar products that would allow it to combine the three Gillette brands into its portfolio and profit. Gillette was more adept at merchandising to men, while P&G was more adept at marketing to women. Additionally were the burgeoning foreign markets and the need for increased market shares in those areas. P&G is skilled in marketing and maintaining a operative presence in China while Gillette maintained large market shares in India and Brazil. With this evidence keep the net benefit of a merger of interests, there does not seem to be much that could advance that.

Gazprom One of the Largest Gas Producing Companies of Russia Essay

Gazprom - iodin of the Largest Gas Producing Companies of Russia - Essay ExampleUGSS assures steady bollocks supply from the wellhead to the end user. (Gazprom.com, 2008c)d. Processing Gazprom chemical groups processing segment is made up of gas and gas condensate processing plants (GPP), the enterprises of Sibur Holding, and the oil-refining capacities of Gazprom embrocate (Sibneft). (Gazprom.com, 2008d)e. Power industry Its strategic task is to become a world scale energy merchandise company with one whole chain from production to sales not only gas only also liquid hydrocarbons as well as producing a wide range of end products, galvanizing power being just one of such. (Gazprom.com, 2008e)The global scheme of Gazprom is to become the largest in the world for producing and distributing gas to the entire world so that appropriate amount of utilization of the natural imaginativenesss can be done. Datamonitor (2007) states that 2006 was the introductory year after Gazproms share market liberalization. During this period, OAO Gazprom capitalization increased by over 70 % and amounted to $270 billion at the end of the year.Gazprom has been developing a unique resource base, production capacities and pipeline system. This lather take taken the company as the worlds most reliable energy resource suppliers to enterprises, organizations, and individuals. They are devoted to a specialized and accountable advance towards the development of these resources and the supply of the markets both in Russia and globally.Gazprom is engaged in research and development activities to strategize important energy resources in cooperation with the most successful and obligated international energy companies. This makes them quite strong in their operations base and marks the strength of their strategy for further growth.Gazprom is constantly pursuing its business globalization strategy, and actively increasing the supply to the entire creation for its gas production.In 2006, the company supplied liquefied natural gas to the UK, Japan and Korea for the first time.

Asia Pacific Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asia Pacific Business - Assignment ExampleRationalization involves the adoption of techniques that keister lead to efficient production of the capital goods.Japan has a tradition of a high nest egg rate, and a low consumption rate. During the periods of growth, the Japanese government used these nest egg for purposes of constructing roads, and infrastructures (Lye, 2010). In 1990s, this surplus savings became a structural impediment to the growth of Japan (Asher, Newman and Snyder, 2002). There was a severe slump in its demand, causing the Japanese economy to stagnate.The support of various interest groups by LDP made it fail to run through various measures aimed at improving the economy. This includes, failing to implement reforms that could tackle non-performing loans (Lye, 2010).Lack of good leadership direct to development of ineffective policies such as the consumption tax of 1997. These taxes led to an increase in prices of commodities, track to stagnation in growth (Menk hoff, 2010).The Japanese complex economic structure led to its economic stagnation. The symbiotic relationships between the ministry of finance and other cooperations between its jurisdictions have contributed to the stagnation of its economy (Lye, 2010). There is to a fault little transparency in the economic affairs of the state.It is possible to use technology in coarse development (Rowley, 2007). It will enable farmers improve their produce, hence feeding the nation. For example, the use of green houses to produce fruits, and vegetables.engineering helps in the creation of jobs. This is mainly because the government will employ new people in the vacancies brought onward by these technologies. For example, technological innovations in the mobile phone industry will create jobs in the

Answer the math problem Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer the math problem - Speech or Presentation Example(A) Perform a t-test testing whether CDC and Brinks have the same add up collections per day for the discipline that they were responsible for (ie, not 1-A). Show your work, either via calculations or providing a log of your stata session (or other program) or the formulas you exampled in excel. Can you use the result to create an estimate of the total amount stolen from June 1979-April 1980 (10 months)? If you can, do so. If not, explain why.From the results, note that the p-value is 0.0001, for the absolute deflexion in the means. This implies that the mean of average collections between the two companies is statistically different at a significant level of 5%.The t test shows the statistical going away between either two versatiles or a variable and a constant but cannot be used for estimation. Therefore determining, the total amount stolen requires an estimation method, different from t-test such as regression.(B) Crea te a 95% confidence interval for the average amount stolen per month based solely on the difference between CDC and Brinks time periods (ie, use the same data as (A). Again, show your work, either via calculations or providing a log of your STATA session (or other program) or the formulas you used in excel.(D) Create a new variable called winter that is equal to 1 from November February, and 0 otherwise. Create a second new variable called pass that is equal to 1 from June-August. Summarize these variables what are their means and standard deviations?You are trying to decide whether to use T-Mobile, AT&T or Verizon as your cell call in carrier. You have data on average costs each month over a series of years for an individual who has similar phone habits (for data, texting and voice). The only difference is that this person travels internationally in the summer, and so has a higher bill then.(A) bill the data into your statistical program and create a variable that takes

Bypass the Story of a Road Analysis Essay Example for Free

beltway the Story of a Road Analysis EssayMcGirr takes virtually every detour possible and in doing so fitms to suggest that lifes transit is at its most pursualing when one strays from the rudimentary path. It is in the towns and rest stations that McGirr encounters individuals with arouse stories to tell stories that give McGirrs narrative its essential miscellanea and life. McGirrs interest is non only in what lies off to the side of the main high roadway in a literal sense. He is attracted by the lives of mine run masses who atomic number 18 non famous or even particularly successful. Even when relating incidents from his life as a priest he delight ins tattle stories that would otherwise never appear in print attending the wrong wedding reception visual perception a b agitate answer a mobile phone.He does occasionally refer to famous or efficacious pot even here, though, his preference is for the little k without delayn incident over the important, natio n-shaping decisiveness much(prenominal) as fundament Curtins midnight pot of tea in a Gundagai caf. In briefly, McGirr suggests that, although the highway itself is valuable, we must non forget or neglect break throughs and lives that the highway bypasses, for these too constitute the life-blood of the nation. And similarly, although the nations central taradiddle or tarradiddle is important that of, say, the Anzacs, the explorers, the two world wars the stories that lie off to the side of the historical mainstream be equally worth knowing, are equally valuable.As narrator and author of this narrative, McGirr has a lot of overlook over how he depicts himself. Indeed, the supply of the person who gets to tell the falsehood (p.19) is considerable, as he notes when discussing Hovells power over Hume in that regard. McGirr is depicted as a fairly affable, if occasionally bumbling figure whose decision to leave the Jesuitic order after twenty-one years is a life-changing one. The decision prompts him to experience a number of firsts he buys property in Gunning embarks on an intimate relationship with Jenny whom he subsequently marries and has children with and decides to travel on a bike down the Hume Highway and document his progress. McGirr exponent come crosswise as both(prenominal)thing of an everyman figure further his life-experiences mark him as someone rather eclectic (unusual).McGirr displays a capacity for droll humour throughout the narrative, and excessively a willingness to reflect deeply on his experiences and those of others. His reflective tendencies see him discuss his struggle to sincerely uph sure-enough(a) the vow of obedience when he was a member of the Jesuit order (p.173), and also his feeling of being alone when he first joined the order (p.229). It might be argued that McGirr is depicted as someone who thinks a little too much the handling of his plight roughly buying orange juice with the money allocated to new Jes uits for emergencies (p.228) is an example. Fortunately, his capacity for reflection does not refer the text too ponderous. McGirrs accounts of his developing relationship with Jenny and his self-deprecatory asides about his weight (p.31, p.98), snoring (p.227), eld (p.32) and tendency to lecture others (p.142) depict him as a jovial, similarable bloke. get around, a hybrid work of original non-fiction is a memoir, travel story, social history, romance and road story. The literary devices used in Bypass entertain and enrich the writing with sparkling wit. For example Hovell had been a naval captain. On land, however, he was all at sea.(p 19) They were equivalent fishermen who were prepared to dam their own river rather than let it starve them.(p 48) A roadhouse is a place where everything that cant be eaten has been laminated, and not all the food can be eaten.(p 66) Guerrilla warfare is the opposite of perfection who, for some unknown reason, makes his or her absence matte even when present.(p 81) I came to Gunning to hide, but people kept causeing me.(p 97) Sturt went blind trying to see what none had seen before.(p 170)McGirrs anger at some social problems is often expressed in blunt metaphors, for example, when discussing gaming machines in Goulburn he writes They are abattoirs of the human spirit.(p 90) His love for langu bestride is reflected, for example, where the text is an extended reverie on arcane actors line and their centers eg panier (p 98), or in his jovial attempt to find a word to describe a group of blossoming ministers (pp 153-4). Humour is one of the most appealing features Bypass, for example the discussion of caravans with a fellow traveller (pp 110-1). Michael McGirr is virtuoso(prenominal) in creating punch lines to end his stories. eg I dont believe in washing your distasteful laundry in frequent.(p 263)The Hume Highway The Hume Highway runs for over eight hundred kilometres inland, betwixt Sydney and Melbourne. Early engrafttlers, such(prenominal) as Charles Throsby and Hume and Hovell, made gos overland that eventuated in the Hume Highway being developed. The road, initially sometimes called the undischarged southeasterly Road in New South Wales and Sydney Road in what became Victoria, has been re-routed, extended and improved over time. In 1928, it became officially known as the Hume Highway. A number of towns originally on the Hume Highway have now been bypassed to reduce both travel times and the amount of traffic (especially trucks) passing through town centres.The meaning of bypass The term bypass means to go around something a road bypass commonly goes around a town or the centre of a town. There are many such bypasses on the Hume Highway, allowing the traveller to avoid built up areas and suburban streets. However, although Bypass is the story of a journey along the Hume Highway, the title makes it clear that McGirrs main interest is in how the road goes around places and people, an d what the do of this might be both positive and negative. For more(prenominal) than about McGirrs engagement with the notion of a bypass, see the section on Themes, Ideas and Values.The main idea in the novel Bypass is the idea of a journey. In literal terms, Bypass the story of a road tells the story of a physical journey from one point to another in this crusade, from Sydney to Melbourne. However, McGirr makes clear that a journey can have qualities that are more metaphorical. The literary references to Don Quixote and Anna Karenina, in particular, suggest very various fictitious characters of journeys. The quotation from Don Quixote, on that points no road so smooth that it aint got a few potholes, implicitly signals Sanchos philosophical take on the nature of relationships and life more generally. This attitude towards the vicissitudes of life understandably informs the text as a whole. For instance, McGirr comments about the degree to which his silly adventure might im pact negatively on his relationship with Jenny (p.137).Likewise, the comments he makes about the truckies whose marriages can suffer from their long hours on the road (p.52), suggest that physical journeys and emotional journeys are closely intertwined. The frequent references to Anna Karenina also signal McGirrs interest in the romantic and tragic dimensions of life. The flirtatious comments about McGirrs relationship with Anna Karenina, his predilection for relinquishing (and hence recovering) the text from time to time and the inevitable decision to place her in close proximity to a railway (p.260) work symbolically as a comment on life more generally, as well as on the plot of Tolstoys novel. After all, Tolstoys Anna throws herself in front of a train. McGirr is all too aware of the fragility of life both on the road and beyond it.In this novel, death and memorial are also an important theme. The ultimate destination in lifes journey is death. McGirr does not shy away from dis cussing the fragility of life and makes much of the memorials on the Hume Highway. Death is something that cannot be bypassed and, like the road which has no respect for persons or status (p.158), it comes to us all. As McGirr notes when reflecting on the burying ground in Gunning, even a long life is short (p.7). For McGirr the Hume Highway is sacred space (p.15) it is seamed with countless(prenominal) reminders of death (p.178) and memorialises both those who have died on it and those who have died at war. While McGirr is respectful and interest in the memorials dedicated to the war dead, his main priority is to acknowledge that death comes to all and that the lives of all ordinary Australians including soldiers are worth acknowledging and commemorating.Indeed, this is clearly conveyed by his juxtaposition of the near-death experience of Kerry Packer (p.40) and the funerals of the Queen Mother (p.255) and the Princess of Wales (p.256) with the experiences of less well-known in dividuals. Packers blunt assertion that there is no life beyond the severe is contrasted with the more positive reflection of a woman who believed that her husband had gone to the great swap-meet in the slant (p.41). Similarly, the vast amount of coverage and ceremony afforded the funerals of the Queen Mother and the Princess of Wales is diametrically opposed to the more touching account of the interment of Anton, a lonely old man whose funeral was attended by three people the undertaker, Antons neighbour and McGirr in his role as priest (p.256).McGirr says of those like Anton, At least God knew this person even if nobody else did (p.256). McGirrs accounts of death or near-death experiences are most chilling when he considers those who have endured harrowing experiences on the road. His discussion of the murders committed by Ivan Milat (pp.704) and by bushrangers (pp.7783) brings home the fact that the Hume has a dark side (p.70). Not wanting to sensationalise or justify the ac tions of these men, McGirr nonetheless provides some background flesh out to depict them in ways that are complex, non-judgemental and at times unnerving.ENTRY SEVEN PHILOSOPHY IN BYPASSGiven McGirrs work as a priest for much of his life, it is not affect that this text is largely preoccupied with issues of faith and philosophical ponderings about life more generally. McGirr makes clear his continue belief in God (p.174) but is not heavy-handed in his discussion of faith. The gently pleasing and respectful way in which he recounts Jennys aphorisms (wise sayings) about life is a case in point. His recollection of Jennys remark that he should just accept the Hume Highway for what it is youll enjoy it more (p.155) is exemplary. His discussion of Jennys view that there is a concave (negative and convex (optimistic) way of feeling at the world (p.170) and that he might be right (p.170) in thinking that he has a concave approach to the world is similarly light-hearted in tone but re levant to the books overall interest in forms of belief. The light-hearted banter continues when McGirr discusses his acquisition of the Chinese philosophical text, Tao Te Ching. Its pithy words of wisdom are for McGirr redolent of the bumper sticker sayings that he has liberally peppered throughout his narrative.At times, McGirrs discussion of philosophical matters takes on a more earnest tone. His discussion of how, as a priest, he subscribe to the vow of obedience in an effort to make up a sense of purpose which I otherwise lacked (p.173) and his related anxiety that he would reach the point at which you can no yearner recognise yourself in the things you are starting to say or do (p.173) signal his need to be honest with himself as well as with others. His comment that the secret of being human is learning how to enjoy our limitations (p.301) suggests that honesty and humility are part and parcel of a reflective existence, McGirr is also interested in the ways in which others co ncern themselves with spiritual matters.His discussion of the House of Prayer in Goulburn shows how prayer provides alleviation from the manic nature of everyday life and celebrates those like Catherine who dedicate their lives to helping others in need find peace (pp.856). In a very different and secular vein, McGirr recounts the belief Liz Vincent has in ghosts of people and of the road. Although Vincent does not believe in God, McGirr seems fascinated by her stories and sensitively recounts her belief that the people we love can just now bear to leave us and sometimes hang around as ghosts (p.59). Perhaps more interesting is Vincents claim that the old Hume Highway near Picton has a ghostly presence of its own (p.59), appearance before unwary drivers eyes and beguiling them into believing that the phantom road they are following is the realistic thing (p.59).ENTRY EIGHT THE POLITICS IN BYPASSIn some ways Bypass is a book about power about who has it and who does not. As McG irr writes, Roads are political. Building them is a sign that somebody is the boss (p.14). McGirrs discussion of the impact on Merri Creek of the F2 freeway into Melbourne (p.284), the prove court case and the verdict that ultimately endorsed the freeway project, exemplifies the political nature of road-making. The very essence of a bypass, for instance, is a political act and McGirr makes this clear when discussing the difficulties surrounding the decision to create an internal or an orthogonal bypass for Albury in the late 1990s (pp.2036). Concerns about the economic effect of a route tell traffic away from town are weighed up with concerns about the impact of noise and pollution that a new road near or through a town invariably brings.Tussles between federal official and state governments, as was the case with the Albury bypass, certainly highlight the political nature of road-making, as do arguments between different interest groups. The issue of the Albury bypass, along with the 1979 truck blockade staged between Camden and Picton on a notorious stretch of road known as razorback (pp.4751), illustrate power struggles of very different sorts. McGirr also points out that the amount of money worn out(p) on roads as opposed to public transport is a political act. He writes that in the last ten years, for every dollar spent on laying rail in Australia, eight dollars have been spent on highways (p.92). This pattern of spending is, he continues, a symptom of something deeper because government spending decisions simply mirror the interests of voters (p.92).Bypass the story of a road is particularly concerned with the way the highway has been the backdrop for various well-known and not so well-known aspects of Australias history. From Hume and Hovells early markings of the Hume Highway, to the increased tea ration bargained for by Jack Castrisson when John Curtin visited the Niagara Caf in Gundagai, to Ned Kellys exploits, to the antics of the humble, ordina ry Australians who travel on the Hume year by year, McGirr celebrates the way aspects of Australias history are part and parcel of the Hume Highways rich narrative. McGirrs interest in Australian history is, however, not indicative of a desire to celebrate or endorse conventional representations of Australias past. In a number of instances, McGirr wants to query the legitimacy of idealistic views of the nations evolution. McGirr challenges the idea that Australia is an egalitarian nation, for example, and claims that this view is a myth (p.200).He also reminds readers of the fraught relationship between colonisers and Indigenous Australians when he discusses the life and death of an Aboriginal man named Bill Punch who survived a massacre as a baby and went on to fight for the Allies on the Western Front in World fight I (pp.2467). McGirrs willingness to temper some representations of Australias past is underpinned by an appreciation of the power of language. He notes that those who are in a position to write about the past can have more agencies in their lives and also more control of history than those who dont (p.19). This awareness allows him to ponder on the way bushrangers and explorers have been depicted over time, and how being literate can impact on the type of individual one becomes (pp.778). McGirr is attentive to the idea that some histories are not told and that those that are relayed are not always definitive.Bypass the story of a road offers a quirky exploration of the Hume Highway and the personalities of the people whose lives have been touched by the road in one way or another. At the age of 40, former Jesuit priest, Michael McGirr armed with not much more than a copy of Anna Karenina, some make unnecessary clothes and a less than state-of-the-art Chinese built bicycle set out to ride the 880 kilometres (547 miles) of the Hume Highway which links Sydney and Melbourne. While the ride forms the backdrop to McGirrs book Bypass The Story of a Road, like all good travelogues the ride itself is really just a frame to hang the real story around, which as the title suggests, is the story of the Hume Highway. From its humble beginnings as a rough track across the Great Dividing Range, to its current state as a modern dual carriageway, the Highway continues to serve as the major(ip) thoroughfare linking Australias two largest cities. Bypass took me on a wonderful journey covering the history of the Hume, and the political relation that helped shape it. Along the way you meet some great and not so great Australian characters that have helped imprint the name of the highway into the Australian psyche.People like the 61 year old Cliff Young (great), who in 1983 won the inaugural Sydney to Melbourne foot race against competitors half his age. And men like Ivan Milat (not so great) who was convicted of the murder of seven young backpackers and hitch-hikers, all of whom he buried in the Belanglo State Forest. and then there are t he explorers Hamilton Hume (after whom the Highway was eventually named) and William Hovell, who in 1824 along with at least six others, set of from Appin (near the present day Sydney suburb of Campbelltown) for the first successful quest to reach Melbourne. Through the novel, I also met truckies the bushrangers Ben Hall and Ned Kelly and the poets Banjo Paterson and Henry Lawson. I attended a Catholic Mass in Tarcutta officially the central point between Sydney and Melbourne where apart from the priest and two parishioners, the only other people in attending are the author of Bypass and his companion Jenny, who has by this time joined him on his ride to Melbourne. edition this book, it seemed like I visited almost every country town along the route of the Hume Highway, and learn something about each of them. Towns like Goulburn, famous for the Big Merino and Goulburn Jail (where Ivan Milat is currently serving seven life sentences). I visited Holbrook and learn why the outer sh ell of the Oberon Class submarine HMAS Otway now sits in a public park in the middle of town. In Chiltern we pass by the childhood home of the Australian writer Henry Handel Richardson, and learn that Henrys real name was Ethel Florence. I learned too, that like other feminine writers have done throughout history, Ethel wrote under a male nom de plume because at the time it was felt that women didnt have what it took to be great writers.And I also visited the town of Yass, and drop by the Liberty Caf for a meal before continuing on the journey, and turning page after page. Across its many short chapters, Bypass also injectd me to some of the thousands of bumper stickers that adorn the rear ends of many Australian vehicles. In fact, McGirr uses stickers as chapter headings to introduce the readers to every aspect of his journey. Thus, the bumper sticker THE OLDER I GET THE BETTER I WAS, allows him to explain some of his own personal story and the reasons for his decision to ride th e Hume Highway.In the chapter THE GODDESS IS DANCING, McGirr introduces us to his riding partner Jenny, and in DEATH IS THE MANUFACTURERS RECALL NOTICE, we pause to learn about some of the many roadside memorials that mark the sites of pitch-black road accidents that line the Highway. To conclude, the book is immensely readable, always entertaining and informative, often surprising, and constantly filled with gay facts and humorous anecdotes. These keep the story moving along smoothly and effortlessly which cannot always be give tongue to of Michael McGirrs monumental bike ride.

Beowul, Hygelac & Hrothgar Essay Example for Free

Beowul, Hygelac Hrothgar EssayThe Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf contains accounts of several powerful men, the tether or so important ones being Beowulf, Hrothgar and Hygelac. Hygelac, pouf of the Geats, is Beowulfs uncle. Beowulf is, therefore, both Hygelacs nephew and his thane. He comes to aid Hrothgar, king of Denmark, when the last mentioned is experiencing difficulties that have the power to destroy his kingdom the monster Grendel has been attacking Hrothgars mead-hall Heorot regularly for a retentive time, and Beowulf is the only man who can put an end to this misery. In many ways, these three old slope heroes are corresponding in character, both in their earlier years and when they have gr receive old. unmatchable thing the gentlemen have in common is the fact that they were all brave warriors when they were young. Hrothgar only became king later his bravery in battle had been established The fortunes of war favored Hrothgar. Friends and kinsmen flocked to his ranks (line 64-5). Hygelac is described as a battle-famed king (l. 2190), indicating that he too had to obtain renown in battle before being allowed to rule the Geats. Beowulf in any case had a share in victorious battles. Before he sailed to Denmark, he had already fought many a time. () I am Hygelacs kinsman, one of his hall-troop. When I was younger, I had great triumphs. (l. 406-9).His real fame, however, came with his defeating Grendel and subsequently the last mentioneds mother. () Beowulf, my friend, your fame has gone far and wide, you are known everywhere. (l. 1699-1705). A nonher shared characteristic is their say-so, which is depicted in descriptive passages about how they made their way in battle they were fearless and relied wholly on their own strength. For example, Beowulf is at one point described as the sure-footed fighter (l. 1543), indicating that he believes himself to be equal to the contend he faces. This self-reliance has much to do with their pride they were al l proud men. This is shown, for example, during Beowulfs boasts in the mead-hall. () Beowulf, that prince of goodness, proudly asserted When it comes to fighting, I count myself as dangerous any day as Grendel. (l. 675-8).The aspect of self-confidence is entwined with the fact that they were very firm warriors as well. In order to come across truly loyal and honourable, men had to depict an image of themselves that would live up to expectations. In short, they had to boast, make good on those boasts, issue forth their lords anywhere and anytime and be familiar with the required courtesies of the time. Although it is not literally stated in the text that Hrothgar and Hygelac were congregating thanes, it may be inferred from the descriptions of their loyal character when they are kings.That is to say, it seems the three men do not transport much when they become kings, so it may be assumed that they were loyal both when they were young and when they were older. undermentioned to being faithful to either their lords or their thanes, they were also faithful to God. Some characteristics reveal that they have not abandoned pagan morale altogether Hygelacs kinsman kept thinking about his name and fame he never lost his heart. (l. 1529-30). The importance of winning glory in battle is associated with pagans. However, on the whole the three kings can be said to be Christians. And may the Divine Lord in His wisdom contribute the glory of victory to whichever side He sees fit. (l. 685-7).Apart from having been warriors, they have all been kings as well. Moreover, they were very similar kings all three men were good and loyal rulers. Hygelac may be young to rule a nation, but this much is known about the king of the Geats he will come to my aid and demand to support me by word and action in your hour of need, when honor dictates that I raise a hedge of spears around you. (l. 1830-5). As Beowulf states, Hygelac would aid him in any way he could because he is such(pr enominal) a devoted lord.Also, the kings were very generous. () Hrothgars generosity was praised repeatedly. (l. 1884-5). It was very important for a king to vantage his thanes properly, and Hrothgar, Hygelac and Beowulf are all very open-handed. Furthermore, all kings are described as being perfectly adequate to(p) of ruling their kingdom. Even when, for example, Hrothgar seems unable to control the chaos Grendel created, it is said that () there was no laying of knock on their lord, the noble Hrothgar he was a good king. (l. 861-2).To conclude, Hrothgar, Hygelac and Beowulf are very similar characters. Both as warriors and as kings many parallels can be found. The main characteristics they share are loyalty, bravery, pride and their belief in Christianity. Their reputations are well established, both in the story and outside of it in the mainly fictive human being of the poem, their names will not be forgotten, but readers of the poem nowadays will remember them on the dot as well.

The Origin of Childhood †National Geographic Magazine Essay Example for Free

The Origin of Childhood National Geographic Magazine shewThe article dialog about the disco rattling of the remains of a hominin electric shaver 3.3 million year okay by an Ethiopian scientist Zeresenay Alemseged. The differentiating accompanimentor of this take note is the fact that the childs bones were intact and the find itself is like digging gold in the world of archeology. The find is able to give us an in-depth association about the consistency structure and capabilities of the hominins, it also tells us how the babies were changing from chimps to what we are now. It also draws comparisons to Lucy, the fossil of a m different 3.2 million years old which was found in the 1970s. with the finding of the child, the family of Australopithecus afarensis is now tell a fiber and scientists are able to make conclusions about how they lived, what they could and what they could not do. Based on the shape of its shoulders scientists can avow that this child could climb tr ess, also the shape and size of it of its knee cap suggests that this child could walk on 2 legs. The article also duologue about how Zeresenay is one of the few Ethiopian scientists involved in this field although this part of the world has been a treasure cove for finding compositiony remains of animals and different species of mammals. about of the expeditions in this part of the world had in general been foreign before Zeresenay took the lead in 1999. the article talks about their struggle as there were a couple of findings of mammals in that area but no hominins and Zeresenays belief that they will be able to find hominins in that part of the world.Finally in 2000, it all came true when Zeresenays team found the remains of a child. However, to the contrast of making a skeleton out of hundreds of small pieces of bones their challenge was quite the opposite. The remains were found in a ball of sandstone and thus Zeresenay had to cut through it with a dentists drill to ensure that no part of the childs body was damaged and they could recover everything there was in that ball of sandstone. The return of 5 years of that effort is a treasure that he says comes only once in a lifetime. The startling features cosmos a full set of both the milk odontiasising and unerupted adult teeth also a bone in the throat that is considered to be the main crucial part of benignant speech. Other findings include a curled finger which tells us their resemblance with chimps and her ribs that tell us the size of the child. It talks about how the knee caps of the child were the size of the pea that tells us that this man could walk on 2 legs. What is also worth noting is that the mavin of this child was very small at 330cc compared to a 5 year old kind-hearted child whose brain is over a 1000cc. this tells us that the growth of the brain was slow and there is resemblance with chimpanzees there.It talks about the feet of the child that were not like a chimpanzee but rat her like us humans. This meant that the child could not hang on to its m some other and had to b carried by the mother, this left the mother helpless and dependant for nutrient and other things on her mate. The scientists say this should fetch been the time when the bonds became stronger and that is why humans are monogamous as compared to other apes. The article ends by tattle us that this specie did not eat meat and a million years late when man started eating meat, which is when the brain size started getting larger as 40% of our food goes into sustaining our brain. For specie that is mainly dependent on vegetables and leaves, this would have been very difficult. The article ends by saying that as the brains of the humans confirm growing bigger and bigger we will have more intellectual power to find our roots.why I chose this article I am quizzical about how human life started and how and why we changed from being Chimps to being who we are today and what lies beyond our plan et and if there is life on other planets. I chose this particular article because it tries to tell us or rather the whole article is about that part in time where we were still dependent on our parents but showtime to live longer than other close members of our specie. The human child is very weak, it cant talk, it cant walk, it cant express itself in any other way apart from crying and making face expressions. Basically, it is helpless. It mortal does not take care of the child, the child cannot survive. This article tells us about the life of a 3 year old girl who lived 3.3 Million year ago. However, the special thing about this girl is the fact that she is in one of those defining moments of time where we as specie started to separate from chimpanzees and started having the physical capabilities to live as human beings. Another motivation to choose this article was the way they talk about the little child. It is close magical and makes me felt hat I have been transported into a world where I can in truth visualize this child and see how we humans came about to be who we are today. The way the author talks about the scientist who discovered and painstakingly got the bones from the sandstone vs. how he talks about the parts of the honninin baby body parts brings a sense of life to that child. The biological aspect is obviously enchanting but I will talk about that in the next section. The articles use of graphics is phenomenal in demo how the child looked and what were the limitations of his body compared to ours, it also clearly mentions the developments of this child compared to that of his and our ancestors. An important part is the development of the brain and the turn over as discusses in the earlier section. Overall, the reason to choose this article is the impact that it has had on me about human evolution.My opinion of the article and how it relates to Biology As I just mentioned, this article has left a good-looking impression on me about the e volution of human beings and has in a way made me settle down in love with the 3 year old child from our history. I feel the article is very well written because it brings along a vivid image about the life of the child in that era and the use of imagery is phenomenal in showing us how the child looks and how it has changed to how we look now. in that location is also a sketch of the mother in that era holding her child and it shows how the child in that era was beginning to be dependent on his or her mother for care protection and other needs. The relation to biology comes from the fact that it talks about the development of the body and how it had changed from that of a chimpanzee and starting to look like ours. For example, the fingers of the child were curved and that is more like a chimpanzee however the feet of the child did not have long fingers which meant that unlike children of chimpanzees this child could not cling on to this mothers body as there was no grasp.It also t alks about the set of milk teeth and adult teeth and their placement in the jaw or rather the jaw line, this tells us about what the child could and what it could although the food habits are not specifically mentioned in the article. The article also gives a glimpse about how the hominins lived and survived.

Psychological and Ethical Egoism Essay Example for Free

Psychological and Ethical Egoism EssayEgoism is the teleological theory deep down the proximities of ethics which is allied to setting greatest good, pleasure and benefit for a single person. It comes as a contrast of altruism whose strictness is not self-importance-centered. However altruism incorporates the kindle of others in deriving lordly pleasure for a group of batch or the contemporary society. Egoism can of necessity be viewed under different contexts with prevalence to the implication of drive into pleasure. Psychological egocentrism This is the term that is taken to sustain the sentiment of human motivations as centered in self- delight. fit to this view, any action despite its tally of altruism is governed by the motivations of ain desire that come from the psychological overview of the specific agent. This could incorporate aspects of desire by the agent such as avoiding the notion of been guilty, creating pauperisms of desire for rewards or developing mot ives towards personal happiness. However, psychological self-confidence is developed as a synchronization effect of claiming the thresholds that define the scores of human nature.Since this claim in support of human nature is of necessity universal, it follows that the persuasion towards acting to a certain episode is goaded by motives of personal desires and motivations (David, Jennifer, 2003, p. 58). Generally, psychological self-seeking underscores the phenomenological ascertainment of actions as founded on models of pure altruism. However, every action accrues almost specific benefits to the fundamentals of an individual person. For example, helping a friend would yield personal happiness in the long run.The theory copes that the help that people give to the others is still motivated by personal interest and not purely aimed at creating happiness and satisfaction to the others. The principles of this theory atomic number 18 base on non-normative abstractive background tha t explains on the subjective phenomena of how things should primarily be. The basic provisions of psychological opportunism is that the ultimate motive that ignites an individual towards making his/her voluntary actions is the in held desire of attaining personal pleasure as well as avoiding any possible effects and possibilities of pain (David, Jennifer, 2003, p. 3).In its proponents, psychological egoism argues that all altruistic actins ar by themselves centered on parameters and motives of self interest and selfishness. These acts are only instrumental in having the aspects of motives towards self interest. The ultimate goal of egoism is therefore to achieve good feelings on personal pleasure which could whence help in reducing and avoiding any probable scores of pain. Ethical egoism It is the doctrine with its foundations based on the motives of selfishness as an acute score in the plain of human virtues.The theory has its propositions on the aspect that a persons actions sh ould ideally be modeled by personal interest. The foundations of honest egoism are restoring the normative valuation of social phenomenon. Comparatively therefore, the truth value of ethical egoism outscores that of psychological egoism in that if it holds true, then psychological egoism would subjectively be untrue. It is a deviation from the principles prepared in altruism which propose on the ideals of the good for the contemporary society or group of people.According to the theory, when the societal resources are focused more precisely towards satisfying the interest of a person, greater expertness and functionality of the existing social structures would therefore be felt. Consequently, the end results of this process are greater happiness in the contemporary society in the long run after each individual acts to create proximities of personal interests and happiness (David, Jennifer, 2003, p. 71). The principle code of ethical egoism is providing the rationale for a persons action in his/he own interest.This is however acceptable despite any controversial prospects in leading to conflicts between the parameters of interest and values of the others within the society. The basic difference that exists between ethical egoism and psychological egoism is that ethical egoism argues that an individual should presumably act in accordance to ones self-interest. However, psychological egoism has its value that individuals can primarily act within the scores of their motives held in self-interests. Primarily therefore, ethical egoism governs persons in acting accord to the requirements of their personal interests.Accordingly, its advancement conflicts with the basics and principles of ethical altruism when the latter presupposes the persona of an individual in helping and serving the other people within the societal context (David, Jennifer, 2003, p. 71) . conceptually however, ethical egoism is not founded on the disregard of the basic well being of the other people by the specific moralistic agent. Either, it does not disregard the rejection of the agent in refraining from the causal behavior that creates moral deliberation for the others.The basic creations and models of ethical egoism have been formulated on the basics of three scopes of understandings which are the universal, personal and individual. An individual egoist would proclaim that individuals should basically do that which creates benefits to them. A personal egoist would argue that their actions should be based on motives of their self-interest. Additionally, universal egoist would claim that all the people should act according to the principles that are by there on creating the aspect of own interest (David, Jennifer, 2003, p. 76).

African influence on Western Culture Essay Example for Free

African influence on Western Culture EssayAfrica, a clear with a not so peaceful history, has always been mysterious and amazing, all at the same time. Afri was a Latin name used to refer to the Carthaginians who lived in Northern Africa from the 9th century B.C to the 7th century A.D when the detain Punic culture was destroyed in the Arab conquest. Before I start recounting my general charge of view on the topic above, I would like to share a brief opinion rough multiculturalism. Defining it is not that simple.Some people refer to multiculturalism as a word that describes society where more different cultures live together in peace. But is it always like that? What about inherent racism and fear? Over the last few years, lots of people draw been exploiting it in order to yell other cultures and discriminate people who are different from them. In a normal world, they would be reprimanded and severely fined. In most countries, thats not the case and even the authorities do not negociate about them.On the other hand, all cultures deserve respect, including the African ones. Cultures have been developed over centuries to allow people to live together, reasonably and peacefully. Multiculturalism can mean a country evaluate some practices it tends to determination to, but it can also mean that a culture becomes exposed to other ways of documentation, which could have quite a bad impact on the other dwellers.In conclusion, we must learn that accepting people as they are is of great importance. It is important to respect each other, and one should know that living by moral standards is one irreplaceable thing.

The Palestinian Question Essay Example for Free

The Palestinian Question EssayIntroductionMoses, one condemnation prince of Egypt turned escaped murderer, was tending his flock when one twenty-four hours he saw a zealous Bush. The burning bush boomed with the voice of God and told him to Lead my people out of Egypt, and de drop deadr them to the domain of take out and Honey1 the trim down of Cannan. These famous anecdotes from the books of exodus and Genesis are possibly deuce of the oldest and most definitive claims Israelites l residual to their republics. Ever since their liberty in 1948 the secern of Israel has wea on that decimal pointd conflict after conflict once morest its Arab neighbor who would resembling nothing better than to see them determined into the sea. For instance, in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 a multi-national host from Egypt, Syria, Libya, Iraq, Jordan and many different Arab nations banded together to crush the flight-emitting diodegling acres. The failure of these efforts to destroy Is rael and the mutual hatred it has inspired has lead to a severe refugee problem for the dis plantd Palestinian Muslims. To this day there are tens of thousands of Palestinians who truss themselves to have been driven from their homes and will not rest until they take it back. But to do so they must contend with an Israel that holds a thousands year-old claim on the realm.History of nirvana The kingdom of Israel is located along the eastern shores of the Mediterranean. The reach has changes name c wholeing many times but since biblical times it have been a contentious ground. The Pharaohs armies passed with from Egypt to make struggle further west. Assyrian, Babylonian and Persian armies marched whole oer Israel to make it to Egypt and beyond. Alexanders Macedonians, and Caesars Romans also took Israel as just another part of their campaigns of world conquest. The Crusader braved thousands of leagues of hostile orbits to make it to the land of Christs birth. War and bloods hed has been the fate of the land where three of the worlds study god boundsss were born.The priming of Cannan Abraham, Isaac and Israel When Abram, a nomad from Ur, was asked by God to abandon his fathers lands and go east he began the migration that would eventually end with Abraham and Sarah living with honor among the Cannanites. God promised him that he would be his children would be as legion(predicate) as the stars and as plentiful as the sands in the beach. Yet he only had two sons Isaacand Ishmael. Muslims, claim descent from Ishmael, while the Jews are the heirs of Isaacs son Jacob who would after be cognise as Israel.Israel had twelve sons from whom the twelve tribes of Israel claimed descent. One of the tenderest was interchange to Egypt as slave. Joseph would soon be high in the choose of the Egyptian Pharaoh and would welcome his brothers to Egypt following a terrible famine that he had predicted. Since then the Hebrews and the Sons of Israel left Cannan and li ved in Egypt. Moses and the book of Exodus tardilyr on some time the Hebrews prospered in Egypt and soon became a worrying nonage for the Pharaoh. He began one of the rootage pogroms against the Hebrews by oppressing them with more work and less rations. He murdered their children and uniform all male babies killed. However his persecution was to be his own bane, Moses was saved by his mother and eventually found his way to the gates of Pharaohs palace where he would be adopted by the Pharaohs daughter.Moses would later kill an Egyptian he saw oppressing a Hebrew slave. The shock of the murder would force him into transfer in the Sinaiwhere he had his fateful encounter with the burning bush. As mentioned earlier it was there that God gave him his armorial bearing to free the Hebrews from their oppression and bring them back to Cannan where Israel and his sons abided before they came to Egypt. after(prenominal) more than 40 years of locomote in the desert the Hebrews finally r eturned to Cannan under the hintership of Joshua. on that point they found the Cannanites, the Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites and the Jebusites already living in relative peace for centuries. Ironically, when the Zionist Jews returned in the twentieth Century they found Cannan in similar circumstances. however that instead of biblical, possibly mythological tribes occupying it they found the grandfathers of the present day Palestinians. Jesus, the false Messiah and the Diaspora Jesus of Nazareth, the messiah of the Christian faith warned the people of Israel that a false messiah would come and lead them astray. He would express much(prenominal) signs as to make the people believe that he is indeed the messiah. This occurred in around 70AD when the Jews flush up in revolt. It was hopeless cause, we Nero finally found somewhat the revolt he sent tenacious several legions to suppress it. By the time of the impinge on of capital of Israel some 60,000 professional legi onaries were in the nirvana suppressing the grand Zealots. A later revolt in 135AD led to the complete annihilation of the Jewish cite in Judea.The reign of Hadrian was oddly tragic for the Jews because all Jews were exiled from Jerusalem and the other Palestinian cities. legion(predicate) Jews were sold as slaves or transported as prisoners to other regions to joint other previously exiled Jews. Although most were accepted in the communities they were sent too, the Jewish people had ceased to exist as a political entity. Henceoff, they were merely small minority groups where ever they lived. Their lot was certainly better than the Christian Gentiles who practically found themselves in the coliseum confront hungry lions.The holy Land With the rise of Christianity and Islam Palestine gained fresh importance. For the Christians this was the land where Jesus lived and began his ministry while the Muslims believed that the Mohammad ascended into paradise on the very same rock where Abraham tried to sacrifice his son Isaac. It was cognise as the beatified Land. Much blood would be shed by the Cross and the Crescent in the trials for its possession.The CrusadesIn1095 it was held by Muslims. shadowed Christian Europe under the leadership of Pope Urban II send a ample armament against the Turkish Muslims. As an added incentive Poper Urban II promised that whoever died in the Crusades would receive immediate mercy of their sins. The crusader army was successful. However, in their zeal against the Muslims they performed a large depend of atrocities that are remembered to this day. For example, when Jerusalem was interpreted the Crusaders slaughtered the entire population. The Crusaders were successful in establishing several small Christian Kingdoms. However, these were tiny islands trapped in a sea of foes. Almost as soon as they were established, the Christian Kingdoms were attacked continuously by Muslim jihadis star to the fall of quite a few of th em in rapid succession. The movie Kingdom of Heaven was c discharge Saldins retaking Jerusalem and the outstanding extremes men of both faiths would go for the involvement of possessing the hallowed Land. in the long run Three Major Crusades and several smaller ones were launched for the conquest of the sacred Land. For everywhere a century Christian Europe bled itself white sending the flower of its chivalry to war in a hostile land with runty hope of success. Yet just as the cause seemed hopeless thousands of young knights and noblemen gladly came forth in hopes of gaining glory in the name of their God. Saladin Saladin a Kurdish born Muslim noblewho command Egypt and later Syriawas like most Muslim ruler could not accept that infidel Christians were now lording over some of the holiest places of the Muslim faith. At first he was not strong affluent to oppose the Crusaders because his hold on Egypt was still fragile and he was often at odds with neighboring Muslim evinc es. afterward he had finally consolidated his hold on the Muslim world, Saladin would launch a bloody and often atrocious Jihad against the Christian Kingdoms. Atrocity was met with Atrocity, as the two faiths strove with each other for master of the Holy Land. For example, after the Battle of Hattin Saladin ordered all members of the Military orders such as Teutonic Knights and the Knights Templar beheaded on the spotthe Crusaders were no less cruel against Muslim prisoners. One example of their own cruelty was the commit of blinding Muslim prisoners allowing only every fifth man the use of one eye to lead the rest. Ultimately, the bloodshed ended with the terrible battles of the Third Crusade. There Richard Couer De Leon of England, Philip II of France and Conrad of the Holy Roman Empire led the vast armies of the Third crusade against Saladin. After many battles Richard and Saladin agreed to the Treaty of Ramala where Jerusalem would remain in Muslim hands but Christians would be free to go there on pilgrimages.The founding of Israel After the Saladin, the Holy Land remained in Muslim hands for centuries. Saladins realm ended to the highest degree at once after his death. Within a few short decades the Ottoman Turks were the new owners of Palestine. It was not until Lawrence of Arabia led his army of Arabian nomads to victory in valet War I that the Ottomans were overthrown. However, instead of independence for the Arabs, the British took over Palestine and established their authority over them. Palestine in the early 20th century was a British territory populated by Arab Muslims. However an increasing trickle of Jews were arriving from all over the British Empire and the rest of the world. The Zionists were coming home. Zionist movement Named after Mt Zion were Jerusalem was built, Zionism is an foreign political movement for the creation of a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel. Also known as diaspora nationalismIt was formally est ablished by Jewish Journalist Theodor Herzl in the late nineteenth century. The movement is highly successful having created the first and only modern jewish order in the world. These ultra- patriotic Jews are the result of centuries of frustration of not having a home land and the inequality they plump for all over the world at the hands of Christians, Muslims and others simply because they are a minority that has a different faith. Ironically, despites its origins as a movement to oppose racism and racial discrimination against Jews the U.N. has branded Zionism as a form of racism and racial discrimination As mentioned earlier Zionism as a nationalist ideology arose as a response to anti-Semitism which was a form of heavy handed discrimination against Jews. For centuries, especially in the 19th and 20th Centuries the Jews had been victims of racial and religious discrimination. Christians persecuted them as the murders of Christ and forced them to convert. In fact, one of the p rayers of the old Latin mass is a missive for the conversion of Jews. Communists also persecuted them for being line up to their faith in when a communist state was supposed to be one that was free from religion which was the opiate of the masses. At heart the Zionists justified themselves as being one distinct nationality unified by their faith. eyesight other minorities in Europe struggle for self-de answer emboldened them to seek for a home land of their own. After all, if the European minorities were entitled to a free country of their own why not the Jews?. The first congress of Basel in 1897was the meeting where the major agitators behind Zionism met for the first time and formally established the founding Zionist Organization. At that congress the Basel Program was completed and its manifesto provided that Zionism seeks to establish a home for the Jewish people in Israel secure under public law. To attain this goal they set about on four programs first, the promotion by ap propriate means of the settlement in Israel of Jewish farmers, artisans and manufacturers.Second, the organization and junction of the whole of Jewry by means of appropriate institutions, both local and international, in compliance with the laws of each country, tercet the strengthening and fostering of Jewish national sentiment and national consciousness, foruth, preparatory steps towards obtaining the consent of governments, where demand in order to reach the goals of Zionism. However, there was little interest in the rest of the world for the sake of the Jews. The world simply did not care. It was not until Hitler unleashed the Holocaust upon the aidless Jews that international sympathy for Zionism catalyzed into actual action. After World War Twos horrors more and more Jews came to Palestine in fulfillment of Zionisms goals. There they found the land much as Joshuas Hebrew found it. Full of Palestinians who were occupying land that, they felt, rightfully belong to the Jews. 1948 War By 1947 the tension between the Jews and Arabs had reached fever pitch. The Jews were naturally interested in self-propagation and often held themselves apart from the Arabs when they could. They did not hire Arab workers if they could find help among other Jews. Their settlers were increasing in number and quite soon were a significant bloc of the population.The UN mandated that separate enclaves for Jews and Arabs would be created within Palestine in order to lessen the friction between the two groups. The Zionist leadership accepted the partition image as the indispensable minimum, glad as they were with the international recognition, but sorry that they didnt get more. Unfortunately the dictatorial partition was the spark for an already explosive situation. Thousands of Jews and Palestinians were displaced by the mandatory and arbitrary partition. The Stage was set for war. The Zionists were ready, they had dexterous both under British rule and in underground camps for the day when they would have to fight for independence. disrespect the tiny population of the fledgling Jewish state thousands of Jewish men and women formed a pull fighting force under the aegis of the Yishuv, all told some 35,000 Jews took up the cudgels for independence although only about 10,000 of these were actually fit for frontline duty. They also had the elite Palamch commandos to spearhead their attacks. The Palamach and its wartime exploitsAfter the defeat of the Arabs in Palestine, the entire Arab World was stirred to wrath. Quoting the ancient victories of Saladin against the marauding Crusaders, the Arabs united to crush these new usurpers of their Holy Land. Like the Crusaders of old the young state of Israel was faced with a tide of foes many times their number and driven to fanaticism by their common faith.It went down to a test of wills, on who wanted the Holy Land more. The Arabs, driven with Jihadi fanaticism were determined to overthrow the Jews from the H oly Land. The Jews, had nowhere else to go. Ultimately, with a combination of superior tactics and training, not to mention the internal squabbling between the Arab leaders, the Jews prevailed. For the first time since the days of Rehoboam son of Solomon son of David, the Children of Israel had a land of their own independent and free. Unfortunately it would not be the end of its struggles. Israel would face roll up after wave of invaders from its Neighbors who simply refused to accept their existence in Palestine. Nevertheless, they stood their ground and have staunchly defended their territories ever since. They were also not above launching preemptive strikes, In 1967 After much saber rattling by their enemies, especially Egypt the Israeli government became convinced that war was eminent. Rather then be attacked again the Israelis struck first. Led by the formidable Hel HaAvir, the Israeli air force, The Israelites began the Six-Day war. The Egyptian, Syrian and Jordanian forces were utterly defeated. By the end of the fighting Israel stretched from Suez Canal in the eastbound to the Golan Heights in the west effectively trebling their land area. One of the most significant results of the war was that Israel now controlled all of Jerusalem. Simply, put after centuries of frustration and discrimination, the Zionist movement had come of age. Despite many trials and set backs they succeed in bringing the Jews home. Verily, every Jewish family in Israel can look to its past and claim that a relative fought heroically in disproof of Israel in one of the many wars of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Invested with multiplications of blood and suffering, and mandated by God himself. The Israelis are loath to concede so much as an inch of their territory to those who would take it from them. In fact, every Israeli soldier, whether elite commando, al-Qaida solider or simply citizen reservist, takes an oath Masada (the ancient fortress where the last Jewish freedom fig hters died resisting the Romans) shall not fall. By their vigilance it has not fallen.The Palestinian Dilemma The story of the Israeli struggle for self-determination spans centuries. It makes for dramatic reading. However, the events have left a certain group of people in a lurch. The Palestinians who originally held the territory before the Israelites arrived.Dispossession of Palestinian settlers after 1948 Al Nakba (The Catastrophe)The years following the 1948 conflict are known as the lost years. Disorganized Palestinian militias were no match for the determined and well trained Yishuv forces. Many former Palestinian enclaves fell under the power of the Jews. The few that remained free of Jewish domination were interpreted over by Syria, Lebanon and Egypt. Having just fought a blood civil war with their Jewish neighbors the Palestinians were bitter and resentful. There was little love between the two people. Many chose to flee or were driven away by the Israelis as both were unw illing to abide with each other.However, by the 1950s a new generation of Palestinians formed nationalist groups that were organized clandestinely gathering strength before revealing themselves in the 1960s. The original Palestinian elite who had negotiated with the British and the Zionists during the mandate years were held accountable of Palestine and were replaced by these groups. Many members of these groups came from the middle-class who late graduated from universities in Cairo or Damascus and imbibed in the ideals of Pan-Arabism put forth by Nasser. The shame of Nasser and his movement during the Six Day war further dimmed the hopes of the Palestinians. Not only had the Arab armies failed to liberate Palestine from the Jews but they lost even more territories and the Palestinians were further displaced. With many of their organizations in ruins and the people once again exiled from their homes, the Palestinians pinned their hopes of on the Palestinian Liberation Organizatio n (PLO). The Palestinian people are a point of warning signal for the Israeli because before the arrival of the Jews and their independence in 1948 there really was, in their opinion, no Palestinian state or Palestinian people just a group of settlers from various other Arab regions Golda Meir herself expressIt was not as though there was a Palestinian people in Palestine considering itself as a Palestinian people and we came and threw them out and took their country away from them. They did not exist. With such an attitude from a former head of state it is no wonder that Israel is loath to deal with the Palestinians as anything more than a refugee problem. Simply, put the Israelis believe that the only cerebrate the Palestinians banded together was in opposition to the Zionists. Even their text edition books are written in such a way as to disavow a eccentric Palestinian identity. The books describe them as Arabs in the land of Israel instead of calling them Palestinians. The refugee problem is aggravated by the refusal of other Arab countries to accept the Palestinian refugees. Rather than welcome their fellow Muslims the Arabs have forced the Palestinians to remain marginalized and desperate for a land to call their own. In summary the heart of the problem is a refusal of the Israeli state to grant the same right to self-determination that they claimed for themselves in 1948. Worsened by a refusal of the Arabs to grant psychiatric hospital to the Palestinians. As a result the Palestinians are increasingly desperate and with national governments unwilling to offer help they have turned to terrorist groups like Al-Quaeda. Palestine today The United Relief Works Agency estimates that there are just under 4.5 MillionPalestinian refugees. They are defined as those whose normal place of residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948, who lost both their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Given that many of these are dead by now the number is do larger by the inclusion of those who were born to people in such circumstances. Many Palestinians live in abject poverty, they are discriminated by the Israelis who will often hire them at below mandated wages. The numerous terrorist organizations who put forward from Palestinians have created a heavy suspicion on all of them. Virtually every Palestinian is seen as a potential terrorist or suicide bomber. Two major rebellions and the failure of the Palestinian Authority to turn problems ranging from Peace and Order to wages of PA employees have made the people even more forbid and desperate. Is it then any wonder that many young Palestinians would rather strap on bombs on their bodies and neutralize themselves up to kill a few Jews instead of living lives of drudgery and disenchantment?III. Analysis alone human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one anoth er in a spirit of brotherhood. Begins the Universal celestial latitudelaration of adult male rights. The International Covenant for Civil and Political rights offers this rejoinder All peoples have the right of self-determination. By righteousness of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural phylogeny. It is regrettable that these rights are denied to The Palestinian people.Unfortunately, these rights are extreme difficult to implement given the geo-political structure of Israel today. As late as 2006 the Palestinian Terror group known as Hezzbollah was firing rockets into Israel causing random final stage of property and lives. They also kidnapped several Israeli solider and killed others in surprise attacks and raids. The Israelis reacted by attacking Lebanon.Palestinians are tough with suspicion where ever they go within Israels borders. The Palestinian Authority, already questionable to the Israeli was tot ally discredited by the death of Yasser Arafat and the lack of a worthwhile successor. Worse, the conflict has since spread to far beyond the borders of Palestine.Part of store-Laden usually inflammatory spiels is to remind the Muslim world that the U.S. has been sponsoring the Zionist state of Israel and that without their aid the Israeli state would long be gone. Harkening to the mass airlift of supplies the U.S. made to Israel during the Yom Kippur. As a result the Israeli affair has become a cassus belli for Muslims to legitimize their attacks on those who seek to support Israeli. An sometime(a) example of this was the Oil embargo that OPEC pulled back in 1973 when it was obvious that the Arabs were losing the Yom Kippur War.However, this support of Israel is not the only affliction the Arab world has against the U.S. they are called the Greater Satan for more reasons. Among them are the invasion of Afghanistan, Somalia and more recently Iraq all in pursuit of their self-proc laimed mandate as protectors of the free world.Sovereignty, International perspectiveOne of the most scathing arguments about the Israeli Palestinian conflict is the issue of Sovereignty over Palestine. Naturally, the two sides have almost completely diametrically opposed interpretations of events with respect to this. The 1920 San Remo conference was held between the British, the Zionists and the Arab settlers of Palestine and was done mostly to ease rising tensions with respect to the Jews mass immigration.The Jews hold the the San Remo conference explicitly granted them the mandate for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. As a result, their claims are valid not only by de facto, since by the end of 1948 they controlled the land by force of arms, but also de jure by sexual morality of the treaty. Jewish jural experts also believe that Israel had the right to sovereignty over the territories since Jordan and Egypt had no clear legal sovereignty over those areas and the Israel, actin g in self defence, was entitled to enter those regions to fill the vacuum. Naturally, the Arabs hold that the San Remo conference conferred no such right to the Jews. Not only did it not offer them sovereignty but it also did not discern which parts of Palestine were going to be subject to this alleged Jewish Home land. To further their point they also insist on the right to self-determination of national groups which has long been recognized under international law. The same right enshrined in Art 1 of the ICCPR In addition, most Arabs and Israelis agree that the armistice line of 1949 is not a valid international border. Both groups also agree that a two state solution is high hat to end the conflict between the Israli and Palestinian people. The two states will be demarcated by the 1949-1967 armistice lines. This would provide the best solution because the Palestinian authority has been an abject failure. It was never strong enough to assert itself over the average Palestinian citizen and was plagued with problem from the beginning. The fact that its civilian authority was often over shadowed by Israeli military garrisons did not help its credibility. The international consensus it that the Annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem is illegal and should not be recognized under international law. The occupation of the West cashbox and Gaza strip has the status of an illegal occupation because they were conquered via force of arms and against the will of the populations Also, the people were rendered stateless by the attacks and the Israelis put the territory under military rather than civilian administration. After the Six-Day war the UN stepped in with UN resolution 242. Adopted unanimously, it called for the Establishment of a just and lasting peace in the midsection East which was to be achieved by following two principles First, the Withdrawal of Isreali forces territories occupied in the conflict and second, termination of all claims or sta tes of belligerence. Also included were respect for the of every state in the region to live in peace within secure and recognized borders. All state parties in the Six day war agreed, in principle, to UN Res 242 with the exception of Syria which granted it conditional acceptance in 1972 However, the state of belligerency remained deeply rooted amongst the Arabs. The heads of Arab states adopted their own resolution in a conference held at Khartoum, in September 1967. The famous three Nos no recognition of the Israeli conquests, and no negotiations and most importantly no recognition of the Israeli state. Conclusion Israel fought long and hard to achieve independence. For centuries they were a down trodden minority oppressed and discriminated upon by their neighbors. However, it would appear that they are doing to the Palestinians exactly the same thing they endured. By forcing the Palestinians to remain stateless and brusk they are driving them to desperate ends. A war for to con quer Israel is out of the question, time and time again the IDF has shown itself a competent army. The oath Masada shall not fall burns in the heart of every Israeli tanker and reservist, they are determined never again to be conquered by force of arms. Short of nuclear weapons no Arab army will defeat the Jews in battle. The Yom Kippur war is the best expression of this, despite the divisor of surprise the Arabs were ultimately defeated by an Israel surrounded and with little more than moral support from the international world.The best solution to the problem would be simply to allow the Palestinians true autonomy under Palestinian leaders. After all the right to self determination is guaranteed by the UDHR and the ICCPR. The cost of securing the Palestinian enclaves is a conk out on Israeli manpower and finances. Letting them live their lives on their own is going to be best course of action. By granting them true independence the Palestinians would only have themselves to bla me if they failed and this would take the wind of the emancipation slogan being sold them by terror groups. With out the justification of, allegedly, liberating the Palestinians from the Oppressive Jews Islamic extremists would lose much of their popular support in Palestine for their terror attacks Israel has been recognized by her neighbors only recently, although her armies are competent, this does not mean she can run roughshod over her neighbors. By ridding itself of the legal monkey known as the Palestinian Question it would unburden itself of unneeded pain. The Palestinians enclaves are enclaves precisely because they are territories that Israel and her neighbors care little for. With the possible exception of the Gaza Strip, losing the territories the Palestinians hold would be a small loss. There is plenty of room in Israel for her Seven Million citizens. After all, did not Israel make the desert bloom? For the Arabs, they must match their blab out with action. They bleed for the Palestinians yet more aid comes to them from working illegal jobs in Israel than from humanitarian aid from their Arab brothers. Arab countries large with oil could certainly provide subsidies to help the Palestinians get back on their feet if they are granted independence. If Bin Laden can afford to spend millions to fund his terror initiatives why cant the Arab states dispense with a little of its petrol money to help their Muslim brothers? Is not Charity part of the Muslim commandments?ReferencesThe book of Exodus 37-8 in Holy Bible The dear(p) news show Bible in Todays English fluctuation 1978Book of Genesis in Holy Bible The easily intelligence agency Bible in Todays English var. 1978http//www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/urban2-5vers.htmlFulcher (Last accessed 14 Dec 07)Fulcher of Chartres, knightly Sourcebook. Available at http//www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/urban2-5vers.htmlFulcher (Last accessed 14 Dec 07)Vladimir Minorsky, The Prehistory of Saladin, Studie s in Caucasian History, Cambridge University Press, 1957,Malcolm Lyons and D.E.P. Jackson, Saladin The political relation of the Holy WarUnited Nations General Assembly response 3379 session 30 on 10 November 1975Arjun, Sethi Zionism The British in Palestine January 2007, available at http//fusion.dalmatech.com/%7Eadmin24/files/zionism_in-britishpalestine.pdf (Last accessed 12 Dec 07The Basle Program. results of the First Zionist carnal knowledge available at http//www.mideastweb.org/basleprogram.htm (last accessed 10 Dec 07)Morris, Benny (2001). Righteous Victims A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001.El-Nawawy, Mohammed (2002), The Israeli-Egyptian Peace member in the Reporting of Western Journalists, Ablex/Greenwood,Gelber, Yoav. Palestine 1948. WAr, Escape and the Emergnece of the Palestinian Refugee Problem. Sussex Academic Press. (2006)Karsh, Efraim. The Arab-Israeli Conflict. The Palestine War 1948. fish eagle Publishing. (2006)Khalidi, Rashid (1997). indivi duationThe Construction of Modern National Consciousness. New York, NY Columbia University Press p one hundred ninetyCooley, privy K Green March, Black September, Frank Cass, London 1973 pp.196fZionist Aspirations Dr Weizmann on the Future of Palestine, The Times, Saturday, 8 May, 1920Weizmann The absent Revisoner reflections on the Status of Judea and Samaria 3 Israel law review (1968)Blum, Yehuda, The Juridical Status of Jerusalem (1974)United Nations credential Council Resolution 497 (December 17, 1981), about the Golan Heights.United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 (August 20, 1980), about East Jerusalem.United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 (S/RES/242)Hinnebusch, Raymond A. Drysdale, Alasdair. Syria and the bosom East Peace wreak. New York Council on Foreign Relations Press, (1991)See Exodus 37-8 in Holy Bible The Good News Bible in Todays English Version 1978See Genesis 121-2 in Holy Bible The Good News Bible in Todays English Version 1978See Genesis 211- 8 in Holy Bible The Good News Bible in Todays English Version 1978See Genesis 161-114 in Holy Bible The Good News Bible in Todays English Version 1978Genesis 461-33 in Holy Bible The Good News Bible in Todays English Version 1978Exodus 18-16 in Holy Bible The Good News Bible in Todays English Version 1978Exodus 21-8 in Holy Bible The Good News Bible in Todays English Version 1978Exodus 211-16 in Holy Bible The Good News Bible in Todays English Version 1978Exodus 37-8 in Holy Bible The Good News Bible in Todays English Version 1978Fulcher of Chartres, Medieval Sourcebook. Available at http//www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/urban2-5vers.htmlFulcher (Last accessed 14 Dec 07)Vladimir Minorsky, The Prehistory of Saladin, Studies in Caucasian History, Cambridge University Press, 1957, pp. 124-132.Malcolm Lyons and D.E.P. Jackson, Saladin The Politics of the Holy War p 2Beha ad-Din, The Life of Saladin, pages 278-281Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism (First edition), p 107-108.United N ations General Assembly Resolution 3379 session 30 on 10 November 1975Arjun, Sethi Zionism The British in Palestine January 2007, available at http//fusion.dalmatech.com/%7Eadmin24/files/zionism_in-britishpalestine.pdf (Last accessed 12 Dec 07The Basle Program. Resolutions of the First Zionist Congress available at http//www.mideastweb.org/basleprogram.htm (last accessed 10 Dec 07)l-Nawawy, Mohammed (2002), The Israeli-Egyptian Peace Process in the Reporting of Western Journalists, Ablex/Greenwood, p 1-2Morris, Benny (2001). Righteous Victims A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001. p 190Gelber, Yoav. Palestine 1948. WAr, Escape and the Emergnece of the Palestinian Refugee Problem. Sussex Academic Press p. 73, also Karsh, Efraim. The Arab-Israeli Conflict. The Palestine War 1948. Osprey Publishing. (2006) , p. 25.Khalidi, Rashid (1997). IdentityThe Construction of Modern National Consciousness. New York, NY Columbia University Press p 190Cooley, John K Green March, Black September, Frank Cass, London 1973 pp.196fArt 1 UDHRICCPR Art 1Zionist Aspirations Dr Weizmann on the Future of Palestine, The Times, Saturday, 8 May, 1920 p. 15.3 Israel Law Review p190All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural developmentUnited Nations Security Council Resolution 497 (December 17, 1981), about the Golan Heights.United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 (August 20, 1980), about East Jerusalem.Hinnebusch, Raymond A. Drysdale, Alasdair. Syria and the Middle East Peace Process. New York Council on Foreign Relations Press, (1991) p 105