Which Type of US Visa Is Right for You

Citizens of most foreign countries must obtain a visa to enter the U.S. There are two general classifications of U.S. visas: nonimmigrant visas for temporary stays, and immigrant visas to live and work permanently in the U.S.   Temporary Visitors:  Nonimmigrant US Visas Temporary visitors to the U.S. must obtain a nonimmigrant visa. This type of visa allows you to travel to a U.S. port-of-entry. If you are a citizen of a country thats part of the Visa Waiver Program, you may come to the U.S. without a visa if you meet certain requirements. There are a number of reasons why someone would come to the U.S. on a temporary visa, including tourism, business, medical treatment and certain types of temporary work. The State Department lists the most common U.S. visa categories for temporary visitors. These include: Australian (E-3) in Specialty OccupationBorder Crossing Card - Mexican TravelersBusiness, Tourist, and VisitorsChile Free Trade Agreement (FTA) ProfessionalDiplomats and Government OfficialsExchange VisitorsFiancà ©(e) to Marry U.S. Citizen/SpouseInternational Organizations NATOMedia JournalistsMexican and Canadian NAFTA Professional WorkerReligious WorkersSingapore Free Trade Agreement (FTA) ProfessionalStudentsTemporary Workers OverviewTreaty Traders Treaty InvestorsVisa Renewals Living  and Working in the U.S. Permanently: Immigrant US Visas To live permanently in the U.S., an immigrant visa is required. The first step is to petition the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to allow the beneficiary to apply for an immigrant visa. Once approved, the petition is forwarded to the National Visa Center for processing. The National Visa Center then provides instructions regarding forms, fees, and other required documents to complete the visa application.  Learn more about  US visas  and find out what you need to do to file for one and how long the process will take. The major immigrant US visa categories include: Immediate RelativesSpecial ImmigrantsFamily-sponsoredEmployer-sponsored Source: The U.S. Department of State

Pros and Cons of Globalization - 2741 Words

Pros and cons of globalization Department: International Management Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Henkel and Prof. Dr. Perlitz Name: Shi Zhun Student ID: 1223396 Date: 29/Oct/2008 Table of Contents Page Number 1. Summary...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 3. The definition of globalization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...........4 4. Economic growth (pros and cons)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 5. Worker (pros and cons)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 6. Consumer (pros and cons)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 7. Human rights (pros and cons)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...11 8. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 References†¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 Figure 1 Growth in Volume of World Merchandise Trade and Gross Domestic Product,†¦show more content†¦The Era of Globalization is fast becoming the preferred term for describing the current times. According to Patricia (2001), just as the Depression, the Cold War Era, the Space Age, and the Roaring 20s are used to describe particular periods of history; globalization describes the political, economic, and cultural atmosphere of today. While some people think of globalization as primarily a synonym for global business, it is much more than that. The same forces that allow businesses to operate as if national borders did not exist also allow social activists, labor organizers, journalists, academics, and many others to work on a global stage (Patricia, 2001). While coming up with a definition is difficult, an even greater challenge is deciding whether globalization is a good thing or a bad thing. 4. Economic growth (pros and cons) According to Robert and Murray (2001), on average, countries integrating rapidly with global economy enjoy higher economic growth rates than countries with closed economies. The result is higher levels of national output and rising per capita incomes. 5 Progress does not always proceed smoothly, but the trend is clearly upward and far more favorable than in the absence of open markets around the world. Figure 1 Growth in Volume of World Merchandise Trade and Gross Domestic Product, 1994-2004 (Annual Percentage Change) Source: World Trade Report 2005, World Trade Organization As figure 1 fromShow MoreRelatedPros and Cons of Globalization873 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pros People have been on the move, traded, migrated and colonized in the earlier times; while in the process they transformed both places that they traveled to and the places that they came from. The pro-globalization people say that it is not just good for the rich but it’s good for the poor, because back in the 1990’s, when globalization took off, about 200 million people got out of poverty in places like India and China. Globalization is the process by which economies of countries aroundRead MoreAnalysis of the Pros and Cons of Globalization1212 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization Introduction The continued accelerating pace of change in globalization is forcing an entirely new level of emphasis on individualized, highly targeted marketing across the many regions and countries of the world. Global marketing today must contend with a wider array of constraints, both economic and cultural, that as ever been the case in the past (Gupta, 2003). These constraints fuel a high level of creativity and focus on how to overcome cultural and economic constraints throughRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Globalization803 Words   |  4 PagesThe term ‘globalisation’ is commonly used to describe a modernisation and capitalist expansion, that entails a variety of economic, cultural, social and political changes over the past 50 years, that have shaped the world today (Guttal, 2007, pp. 524). An important aspect of this concept, is the rapid increase in transnational movements of goods and services, and the weakening notion of national and geo-political borders. Not only has glo balisation created economic prosperity but also a large flowRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essays1386 Words   |  6 Pagesspread of cultures, trade, information and creating options, Globalization can be highly beneficial to everyone by bestowing great fortunes on us. This essay will highlight the positive and negative effects of globalisation, but also discuss solutions and evaluate them. Economists have used the term globalization since the 1980’s, although it was used in social sciences in the 1960’s. However, the principles and ideas of globalization have not spread to the twentieth century. Globalisation isRead MoreGlobalization, Pros and Cons for Developing Countries938 Words   |  4 Pagesterm â€Å"Globalization† for developing countries. Some social, economic and environmental issues are discussed in the paper. This Document addresses the advantages and disadvantages of the term â€Å"Globalization† for developing countries. Some social, economic and environmental issues are discussed in the paper. Hosein Rahmati Hosein Rahmati Globalization, Pros And Cons For Developing Countries January 2012 Globalization, Pros And Cons For Developing Countries January 2012 Globalization couldRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay987 Words   |  4 Pages Globalization is the process by which states become interdependent on each other on all spheres of life. It is a process where countries go global by adapting universal characteristics involving human race. It is therefore the process of uniting people of the world into one unit with universal characteristics. This characteristics include; systems of education, politics, democracy, economy among many others. Through globalization economies, civilizations and societies become integrated into a globalisedRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization. Everyday you hear it on the news, you read it in the newspaper, and you overhear people talking about it- and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a different meaning. When I hear of globalization I think of the whole world coming close together in all phases. I tend to think that we as human beings are breaking down barriers that have been protected or guarded. For insta nce, I initially thought of the progress we are making in the communication aspect. SoRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Globalization900 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization can be defined as the system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. It also refers to the integration of economics and societies all over the world (http://hotbabefatchicks.hubpages.com/hub/Definition-of-Globalization). Globalization can be both advantageous and detrimental to developing countries. Some of its advantages are increased external finance, improved technology and political conformism. Disadvantages of globalization includeRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay963 Words   |  4 Pages It is debated whether globalization is an advantage or disadvantage to our society. Everyday you hear it on the news, you read it in the newspaper, and you overhear people talking about it and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a different meaning. Globalization is the process by which a business or company becomes international or starts to operate on an international level such like the rise of the so-called global economy. It can also bring the world closer throughRead More Pros and Cons of Globalization and Localization Essays1487 Words   |  6 Pageshave been blessed with a stable economy. There has always been the extreme feeling of complacency and stability that comes with being a very large, internationally respected country. Strangely enough, America does not only reap the benefits of globalization, but it also basks in the glory of localization. We have, as a country, experienced much success both internationally and domestically. For example, w ithout our international businesses booming the way they are, our country would suffer from a

Romanticism - 1649 Words

Romanticism in the Nineteenth Century The Romantic period followed the era of logical, philosophical, and social movement in the 17th to 18th century. However, as the 19th century began, Romanticism came into the light with a new perspective that intrigued the people. It stressed emphasis on emotions and imagination while also helping to realize the importance of self-expression. The American Romanticism movement illustrated inspiration, bias and predominance of individuals in the nineteenth century. Romanticism has a very small amount to do with events and manners traditionally thought of as romantic, even though love may seldom be the topic of Romantic art. It is rather an international artistic and philosophical movement that†¦show more content†¦The Romantics venerated the middle ages which, to them, was a time of spiritual depth and adventure, whereas the Enlightenment thinkers convicted the Middle Ages as dark. Enlightenment thinkers valued logic, reason, and rationali ty, while Romantics valued emotion, passion, and individuality (â€Å"British Romanticism†). The movement was an outcry of the writers who were tired of being told how to perceive and interpret life. Through their work, they offered to show a much different perspective on life which proposed individuality, emotional support, self-importance, and imagination. The Romanticism movement was used by writers and other people to escape reality. At the time, they were going through difficulties, meaning romanticism had a large role in their lives and was a great way to symbolize how they felt. Romantics particularly called for much more attention to emotions as an obligatory supplement to purely logical reason (â€Å"Romanticism†). Emphasis on the activity of the imagination was accompanied by greater emphasis on the importance of intuition, instincts, and feelings (â€Å"Romanticism†). Emotion over reason is considered one of the main features or approaches of Romanti cism. Valuing emotion and imagination over reason and heart over head was a crucial value during the romanticism Era. Those living in that time realized theShow MoreRelatedRomanticism : Romanticism And Romanticism1444 Words   |  6 PagesRomanticism was a period time 1750 to 1870 in Europe, Latin America and The United States. Romantic Movement didn’t reach to France until the 1820’s. Romanticism main spirit was against of rule, law and formulas that classicism the different characterized of general in 18th century. Imagination, Subjectivity of approach, freedom, Expression and the idealization of nature will be focused in movement of Romantic Literature. In this period industrial revolution with the social and political norms formRead MoreRomanticism : Romanticism And Romanticism1141 Words   |  5 Pagesmovements. Although Romanticism and Modernism differ in their styles, values, and ideology, they were both important periods in literature. Romanticism was a literary movement during the late 18th century until the early 19th century that had an emphasis on the imagination and emotions. The movement moved through every country in Europe, Latin America, and the United States from approximately 1750 to 1870. However, France did not see the movement until the 1820’s. Romanticism was basically a rebellionRead MoreRomanticism Vs. Romanticism : Modernism And Romanticism1050 Words   |  5 Pagesor what does it take to better the society? Well, the Europeans had adapted the Neoclassicism and Romanticism form of art belief, in order to find the answers that they were always looking for. Neoclassicism is the principal of logically viewing life in a mathematics and rational level, especially when it comes to solving worldly issues and it’s expressed through art and literature. However, Romanticism believe in the beauty of art, faith, and rely on intense emotions for judgement. Firstly, the societyRead MoreRomanticis m : The Era Of Romanticism1810 Words   |  8 PagesThrough the late 1700s and early 1800s, the period of Romanticism blossomed. â€Å"Romanticism† very loosely describes the era in which modern culture began to take shape. During the Romantic era, many advancements were made in all aspects of people’s lives and cultures. One aspect in particular has held great value even to this day. That aspect being the expansive amount of literature created during the era. The era of Romanticism had its name for a reason. It can be greatly attributed to the romanticRead MoreDark Romanticism1392 Words   |  6 Pages4. Define â€Å"Dark Romanticism† as you understand it by discussing two works by different authors. Account for the rise of this kind of writing in America and evaluate its appeal and significance then and now. The Dark Side of Romanticism Romantic literary texts focus on the expression of emotion. Authors during the Romantic period developed and integrated the idea of the individual being the main focus in life. Romantic authors focused on the individual being at the center of their own happiness andRead MoreRomanticism And The Enlightenment1286 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing, which emphasizes the scientific, practical evidence and rational thinking. Romanticism questioned the rationality of the truth of the road, that understanding the great mystery of life is not enough. These mysteries can be found with emotion, imagination and intuition. Nature is especially considered a self-discovery and spiritual learning classroom, the mysterious place can reveal the human mind. Romanticism emphasizes a life full of deep feelings, spirituality, and freedom of expression,Read MoreRomanticism Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesRomanticism Romanticism is a movement in the arts that flourished in Europe and America throughout much of the 19th century from the period of the French revolution in 1789. Romantic artists’ glorified nature, idealized the past, and celebrated the divinity of creation. There is a fundamental emphasis on freedom of self expression, sincerity, spontaneity and originality. The movement rebelled against classicism, and artists turned to sources of inspiration for subject matter and artisticRead MorePuritanism And Romanticism1825 Words   |  8 Pages There have been three major influential movements in American history—Puritanism, Rationalism, and Romanticism. Each occurring during generally different time periods, they produced a number of different types of literature reflecting their beliefs at the time. The Puritans, being some of the first settlers in modern day America, relied heavily on beliefs they brought with them from the Church of England. Rather than simply being f ollowers of their prior Church, Puritans believed in the Church asRead MoreRomanticism Essay778 Words   |  4 PagesTIMELINE: ROMANTICISM 1800-1850 ïÆ'Ëœ 1749(-1832): Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born (writer). ïÆ'Ëœ 1762: â€Å"Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains.† Jean-Jacques Rousseau. ïÆ'Ëœ 1770(-1840): Neo-Classicism ïÆ'Ëœ 1770(-1850): William Wordsworth (writer) was born. ïÆ'Ëœ 1770: Industrial Revolution had an influence on the Romantic period. ïÆ'Ëœ 1785: Grim Brothers. ïÆ'Ëœ 1789: French Revolution. ïÆ'Ëœ 1800 Start of Romanticism ïÆ'Ëœ 1802(-1885): Victor Hugo (writer) was born. ïÆ'Ëœ 1802(-1870): Alexandre DumanRead More romanticism Essay640 Words   |  3 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ROMANTICISM nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As a result of the American revolution the literature during the ninghteen century changed to fiction. The Romanticism was a period in which authors left classicism, age of reason, in the old world and started to offered imagination, emotions and a new literature that toward nature, humanity and society to espouse freedom and individualism. The main characteristics or Romanticism movements are: an emphasis on imagination as

Things Fall Apart Proverbs Essay - 1125 Words

Things Fall Apart Proverbs Proverbs are phrases use to explain certain solutions. Proverbs can explain specific situations within certain words to get the point across. The function for proverbs is to describe something without having to be forward with what is being said. There were five proverbs from things fall apart that stuck out to me. These proverbs are â€Å"when a man says yes chi also says yes†, what is good in one place is bad in another†, â€Å"If I fall down for you and you fall down for it is play†, â€Å"A man who pays respect to the great paves the way for his own greatness† and â€Å"If one brought oil soiled it others† My first proverb I selected was â€Å"when a man says yes chi also says yes† the meaning in the culture is if a person help†¦show more content†¦For the American phrase the function is to explain the difference between people in different environments. The context in which the American phrase was use to explain people different opinions. Where the African proverb is to compare the different practices for example on how Okonkwo had more than one wife while in other culture that is frown upon. â€Å"If I fall down for you and you fall down for it is play† is my other African proverb chosen. This proverb means when a family is going through a bad situation the family are suppose to take care of each other because the family is suppose to be play and the family is suppose to fall down for each other. My American equivalent for this proverb is I have your back and you have mines. The way the phrase is use in our culture is if I am looking out for you then I am expecting that in return. The function in which this is use in America is if protect you then you will protect me. The function in which was use for the African proverb is for family or friend that are in situations and to show support for each other and their love for one another. The context in which the African proverb is use is when Okonkwo was going through some tough times and but he remember that his marriage should be play and they should not fight and when they fall they shall fall together. The context for American proverb is to have each other back meaning having each other to rely on. My fourth proverb is â€Å"A man who paysShow MoreRelatedAn Exploration of Proverbs in Things Fall Apart by Achebe Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesProverbs A proverb is a brief, memorable saying that expresses a truth or belief (Proverb). â€Å"Proverbs are the palm oil with which words are eaten (Achebe 7), and they enhance the meaning of all the conversations. â€Å"A proverb is [basically] a short sentence based on long experience† (. In Things Fall Apart, proverbs are mainly used in the development of the important characters. Through proverbs used in character development, Achebe shows the distinct similarities and differences between theRead MoreEssay about Proverbs in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe519 Words   |  3 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart’, by Chinua Achebe, proverbs have an important impact on the storyline. All proverbs have some kind of deeper meaning behind them, and this is part of the Nigerian culture. Proverbs are used by people of all ages and statures to tell others about the importance of something. People in the Igbo Tribe use proverbs everyday as they are an important part of their culture and traditions, and the art of conversation is regarded very highly throughout the clan. The IgboRead MoreProverbs in Things Fall Apart2025 Words   |  9 PagesProverbs are wise sayings that address the heart of the discourse in any given context, truthfully and objectively. In Africa and in Nigerian cultures especially, they are considered the reliable horses, which convey meanings to their destinations or hearts of the listeners. This study investigates aspects of the meaning of proverbs in the work of a Nigerian author, Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. It is contended that meanings of Nigerian proverbs can be worked out within the semantic, referential, ideationalRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageslanguage choice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture an d their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and theRead MoreThings Fall Apart and Universal Appeal951 Words   |  4 PagesThings Fall Apart-Universal Appeal Confronted with a global conscious filled with hazy, negative conception of the African reality, appalled with such one sided works as Heart of Darkness and Mr. Johnson, Chinua Achebe determined in 1958 to inform the outside world about Ibo cultural traditions1. One can appreciate then, Achebe s inclusion of universal themes and concepts in is novel as a means of bridging the cultural gap with his audience and reiterating that Africans are in the end, humanRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1325 Words   |  6 PagesAbdulhameed AlHababi Western Civilization 2 December 2, 2014 Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Thing Fall Apart, first published in 1958, is Chinua Achebe’s first and most acclaimed novel. Achebe illustrates an approving rendering of Nigerian and African tribal life prior to and subsequent to colonialism. Achebe presents various aspects of a native African community, including war, women mistreatment, violence and conflict, while maintaining a balanceRead MoreCommunicating with Words in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart668 Words   |  3 Pagesway to use them. One common way to use words in African culture is in proverbs. These short sayings employ folk tales and everyday occurrences to offer the wisdom necessary to explain crucial rudimentary morals. Chinua Achebe states in his novel, Things Fall Apart, that â€Å"†¦proverbs are the palm-oil with which words are eaten.† (7). Interpreting this in such a way so that eating words is a metaphor for gaining knowledge, proverbs act as the fuel, or moving force, of African life. Conversation in theRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1290 Words   |  6 Pagesinto the African Culture that he experienced when he was younger. In the book, Things Fall Apart, author, Chinua Achebe, introduces the reader to an entirely new side of African culture, and the changes brought when outside forces collided with a different culture through the author’s characterization, the novel’s theme, and the author’s purpose. Chinua Achebe uses characterization in the first part of Things Fall Apart to introduce the beliefs and male gender expectations of the people of the IboRead MorePersepolis, By Marjane Satrapi, And Things Fall Apart1333 Words   |  6 Pagesand arts of a particular society, group or place.† These different cultures are viewed several different ways around the world, and these views sometimes lead to misconceptions and stereotypes. Two novels, Persepolis, By Marjane Satrapi, and Things Fall Apart, By Chinua Achebe, take their works and shatter the stereotypical views of their cultures (Native Africans and Iranians) made by the western world. They show you that what you always hear about one culture or individual may not always be accurateRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1070 Words   |  5 PagesYet by using English, Achebe faces a problem. How can he present the African heritage and culture in a language that can never describe it adequately? Indeed, one of the prim ary tasks of Things Fall Apart is to confront this lack of understanding between the Igbo culture and the colonialist culture. In the novel, the Igbo ask how the white man can call Igbo customs bad when he does not even speak the Igbo language. An understanding of Igbo culture can only be possible when the outsider can relate

Thesis guidelines free essay sample

Masters thesis is a personal independent academic work repaper by the student. The student is advised to start preparing the masters thesis in the second year of higher degree studies. The student has to sign up for a research seminar group of the major subject. The masters thesis must show familiarity with previous work in the field and must demonstrate ability to use research methods and academic style. The aim of the masters thesis is to improve the students ability for independent research work and its practical application as well as to enable the student to apply different research methods both independently and in groups.Furthermore, masters thesis must demonstrate the students ability to use relevant literature and to present research results as well as show ability for doctoral studies. The student has to prepare a masters thesis in order to obtain the degree of Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration (higher university degree). The subject of the thesis is suggested by the student and approved by the thesis supervisor of the major department. Teachers may provide help in choosing the subject. 2. 2.Credits During the advanced level studies of masters degree studies, the student repaper a masters thesis, which comprises 30 SECTS. 2. 3. Supervision The Masters thesis is supervised by a teacher of the major field. The supervisor gives general guidance during the writing process and more detailed advice when necessary. The supervisor gives feedback about the thesis and may ask the student to report on the progress of the work. The thesis must be submitted to the faculty in 3 or 4 bound copies. One copy should be submitted to each examiner of the thesis.In addition, one or two copies should be submitted to the Amanuensis, depending on whether or not he student gives permission to publish the thesis online in Triton database. An electronic copy of the whole thesis and an abstract must be saved to the Attritions database regardless Of the students 6 decision on public availability. The work and abstract are submitted to Triton by filling in a thesis form at http:MN. Www. Triton. If/? D=140=1. The thesis cannot be approved unless the work is successfully submitted to Triton. Theses copies submitted to the University are not returned to the student.One copy of the thesis must be submitted to the Amanuensis if the student allows his or her work to be made publicly available outside the Triton network. If the wok is not to be shown publicly, two copies must be submitted. In addition, an abstract without page number must be submitted to the Man ensues of the Faculty of Technology. The student should submit only the abstract which is written in the language used in the thesis. The evaluation time for a Masters thesis is 30 days. This means that the thesis has to be left to the examiners and the Amanuensis for evaluation approximately 5 weeks before the expected acceptance date.If the Masters Hess is the last study attainment of the student, it should be available for the Deans decision at least 10 days before the deadline for submitting the application for degree certificate (which is 28 days before the graduation day). The Dean usually processes theses two times each month. It is recommended that students check the schedule for graduation well beforehand from the university web pages at http://www. Sass. If/English/studies/degree-and- obstreperousnesss/academic-information/graduation/. The schedule Of the Deans thesis processing is available from the Amanuensis, if needed. Two evaluators assigned by the Head of the appropriate department make a statement about the thesis to the Dean within 30 days of the day the thesis is submitted for evaluation. Usually one of the evaluators is the supervisor of the thesis. The student is reserved the right to see the statements and a suggestion for the grading before the work is taken to the Dean for approval. The Dean decides on approval of the thesis and confirms the grade based on the statements and suggestion made by the examiners.The grading scale for Masters thesis is sufficient, satisfactory, good, very good, and excellent. After the Deans decision has been made, the student will receive a notification about the grade of the thesis and a copy of the evaluators statement by post. The student dissatisfied with the thesis grading may apply to the degree committee of the University of Vass in writing for rectification of the evaluation of the Masters thesis within 14 days of the day when the grade was released (Universities Act 558/2009, Section 82, and the University of Vass Degree Ordinance, Section 13).An appeal Cannot be made against the decision made by the degree committee on the request for rectification of the session concerning the evaluation of a study attainment. In order to obtain the degree of Master of Science in Economics and Business Administration, the student also has to pass a written maturity essay. In the maturity essay, the student is expected to demonstrate knowledge of the subject matter of the masters thesis in a supervised examination. In addition, the student is expected to show ability to write fluent Finnish or Swedish (see exceptions below).Finnish students write the maturity essay in the language in which the student has received elementary education (Finnish or Swedish). A completed maturity essay in the language of elementary education gives the student excellent language proficiency in the appropriate language (in compliance with Decree A 481 / 2003). In case the student has already completed a maturity essay for a bachelors degree in the same language, the maturity essay for the higher degree concerns only content, not language proficiency.In this case, the language of the maturity essay is determined by the faculty (see Decree on University Degrees, section 16 subsection 3; or the University of Vass Degree Ordinance, Section 17). The same applies in all asses where the student has already completed a maturity essay for another higher education degree; the maturity essay concerns only content. Students who have completed their elementary education in a language other than Finnish or Swedish or have received elementary education outside Finland are not 8 required to prove their language proficiency in the maturity essay.Also in these cases the language of the maturity essay is determined by the faculty. International students who have not received their elementary education in Finnish or Swedish but have obtained sufficient langu age proficiency in Finnish or Swedish may complete their maturity essay in Finnish or Swedish. In this case, language proficiency is assessed according to the criteria used for Finnish students. A successfully completed maturity essay gives the student good language proficiency in Finnish or Swedish in compliance with Decree A 481/2003, and it will be stated in the degree certificate as well.The Maturity essay can be completed on any of the general examination days. Registration must be made with a form and registration envelope available at the Academic Affairs office. The form is available also at the web pages of the Language Centre. The student may register for the maturity essay only after the Masters thesis has been left for inspection in its final form. The examination date for maturity essay must be agreed on with the thesis supervisor and should be at least 7 days after the thesis has been left for inspection.In the maturity essay, the student is given two or three questions on the subject of the students masters thesis. The student is required to answer one of the questions by an essay. The essay should be written for a reader that is familiar with the appropriate field but has not studied the specific search topic of the masters thesis. In other words, the maturity essay should comprise an independent text and the student should not assume that the reader is familiar with the masters thesis. In addition to academic content, the essay must also demonstrate good language proficiency and comprise a logical, well-structured whole.It must present the topic in writing, not by graphical presentations like tables or charts. The essay must also have a heading (otherwise the examiner evaluating the language of the thesis will not be able to see whether the essay really answers the question). The essay must have an introduction and a conclusion. Suggested length of the essay is approximately one examination sheet (four pages). It should be written on each line of the paper with empty lines separating between paragraphs. After the first draft, it is advisable to rewrite the maturity essay, with special emphasis on clear handwriting.Words should be clearly separate and the difference between capital and lower case letters should be clearly shown. The essay must show knowledge of the basics of grammar and punctuation. Excessive use of abbreviations should be avoided. Sentences and clauses just be clearly connected, and they should be logical and show variation. Incorrect reference relationships must be avoided. Word order must be unambiguous and fit the structure of the presented information. The essay must be written in a factual style. Further advice is available at: www. Sass. i/ qualitatively/popsicle/separately/. The result of the maturity essay must be given within 30 days from the date of examination. The grading scale for maturity essay is pass/fail (no other grade). In case the maturity essay is failed on the basis of its content, the student must meet with the thesis supervisor n order to receive feedback before registering for a retake. If the reason for failing is related to problems in the language, the student must contact the examiner responsible for evaluating the language of the essay. 2. 6. Publicity All theses are public documents.According to the Act on the Openness of Government Activities (621 / 1 999), official documents shall be in the public domain, unless specifically otherwise provided by the law. A masters thesis becomes public when it has been officially approved. With commissioned theses, the commissioner may demand that a thesis or arts of it have to remain non-public in order to protect business or professional secrets. In this case, those parts of the work that contain such secrets are not integrated into the masters thesis, but annexed to the thesis as background material.The background material must conform to the general guidelines on writing masters thesis and must be left for inspection at the same time and in as many copies as the masters thesis. The background material is not bound together with the masters thesis but submitted separately with its own title page and titled BACKGROUND MATERIAL. However, general, non-specific information from he background material should be incorporated in the text of the masters thesis whenever possible.The minimum requirements for the masters thesis proper are that it specifies the theoretical framework, research methods, materi al and its analysis, and has a list of references. It must comprise an independent, readable whole. Background material is evaluated together with the actual masters thesis but is not made public. After the evaluation, the background material IS archived and kept in a secure place at the appropriate department. Use of non-public background material must always be discussed in advance tit the thesis supervisor.For information on layout and other technical details of matters thesis, see faculty general guidelines on writing theses. Further advice is given by the staff of the faculty and departments. The student may write the masters thesis also in languages other than Finnish or Swedish. For practical reasons, this language is usually English as the evaluators of the thesis have to master the language in order to be able to evaluate the academic quality of the thesis. Using a language other than Finnish or Swedish must always be discussed with the thesis supervisor in advance.International students are advised to consult the thesis supervisor and amanuensis about their thesis and maturity essay before they start preparing their masters thesis. The student is personally responsible for expenses resulting from for example use of language consultant etc. Appendix 1 shows the names of the departments, subjects, study programmers and modules in Swedish, and English. Masters thesis can be structured as follows: Title page Table of contents (Symbols and abbreviations) (Pictures) (Tables) Abstract Introduction Main body text (methods, discussion, results) Conclusions List of referencesAppendices Parts in parentheses are not compulsory. The title of the masters thesis should be short, clear and expressive of the content (field and orientation). The student may use a subtitle in order to add focus to the title. No abbreviations should be used in the title. 4. 2. Covers The masters thesis must be bound in hard, dark blue covers (marble blue for licentiate theses for the Faculty of Technology), page size AY. It is advisable to reserve enough time for the printing process at least a week.Lettering on the front cover should appear in the color Gold and font Palatine, Times New Roman or equivalent: MASTERS THESIS or LICENTIATE THESIS. Centered, bottom margin mummy (font size PPTP) Authors name (bottom right corner with 30-35 mm margins from bottom and right, font size 20 pet) teetering on the spine of the thesis should appear in the color Gold and font as above: Authors name (on the left of the spine with mm margin on left) Year Of publication (on the right of the spine with mm margin on right) The student should pay attention to the printing quality of the masters thesis.

Development of Light rail Transit Framework-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Development of Light rail Transit Framework. Answer: Introduction The light rail transit system is developed after making a detailed analysis on the current structure of the city and the problems faced by the people living in the city. The quality of the transportation can be improved with the development of the project and it can also reduce the clog in the city by covering most of the important areas in the city (Rakoczy et al. 2017). The light rail transition is quite similar with the trams but the capacity is increased and it have lower capital cost when compared with the heavy rails. The report is prepared for adding details about the framework of the light rail transit and a conceptual design is created for analyzing the details. The area that is required to be covered is analyzed and a framework is proposed for the deployment of the light rail framework in Brisbane. Background The light rails are separated from the normal traffic and thus can reach the destination faster than the normal transit services. The light rail can run using the overhead electric line or diesel engine depending upon the capacity and the speed for which the system is designed. The busy routes are marked and the important areas that is required to be covered for avoiding congestion in the traffic are documented for the preparation of the report. Some recommendations are made that would help to increase the efficiency of the light rail system and reduce the time of travelling in the report. Scope The main scope of the project are as follows: Installation of the overhead electricity lines Layout of the track covering the important areas Modelling of the LRT framework Objectives The main objectives of the project is to develop the light rail network are as follows; To reduce the congestion on the road and increase the efficiency of the transportation system To reduce the pollution in the city and increase the land use To implement a ride strategy a priority strategy for the development Needs of Definition The meaning of the light rail framework is utilized for separating the light rail transport from alternate methods of transportation utilized as a part of the city. Essentially, the refinement envelops the way that link cars can simply work at low speeds on streets, while LRT vehicles can work like a propelled link car notwithstanding change over quickly to quick running when given their own specific right-of-way (Lijun et al. 2014). The inconvenience in making the capability between light rail and link car is presumably going to stay, with various continuing to consider LRT is essentially a super link auto. This refinement would end up being clearer in the going with section that looks chronicled headway from cable car to light rail transit. For the development of the light rail framework the feasibility of the project is analyzed and a proper idea is fetched from the light rail project deployed in different countries. The history of light rail is studied for adding improvement in the project and increase the efficiency of the project (Winnett et al. 2016). The power sources used for running the vehicle is also evaluated for the preparation of the design of the light rail framework. The use of the underground tunnels for avoiding the congestion in the roadways are also analyzed for the deployment of the LRT system. The risk associated with the deployment of the light rail system is required to be listed and prioritized according to their severity (Ganiron Jr 2016). The risk mitigation plan is required to be developed for addressing the risk and securing the light rail network. The specialized qualities that is required to be analyzed for the development of the light rail framework are: The tracks are required to be designed such that the vibration is minimized and the journey is comfortable. The tracks are required to be designed to smoothen the corners and reduce the terming radius to less than 25 meters (Seo, Golub and Kuby 2014) The power of the motors are required to be increased for running in the steep slopes and increase the speed of communication The track is required to be combined with the heavy rail tracks and the metro tracks for reducing the cost of the infrastructure The light rails are required to run on a power supply of 600/750 volts and it can also run on 750/ 15 Kv power (Li et al.2015). The noise of the light is required to be reduced and it is required to be ensured that the platforms and the coach have no gaps. The passenger carrying capacity should be around 270 to 200 for meeting the current demand of the city and it should have the option to increase the space by attaching more compartment. In the bustling lanes the LRT can keep running at a speed of 25 to 30 km/hr and the speed increments as the movement abatements and it can achieve a most extreme speed of 100 km/hr (Li, Lu and Lopez 2015). New advances can be connected to build the speed of transportation. Trams are regarded as the ancestor of the light rail and it has the adaptability to keep running in the urban communities and congested zones and in addition the edges for performing like a speedier suburbanite. New examples in advancement are building up that could open up light rail systems to work with the versatility of transports (Bonotti et al. 2015). For the achievement of the advancement of the light rail framework the tracks utilized is assessed and the innovation utilized for the improvement of the system, for example, the establishment of the overhead connections, establishment of the changeover for using the overwhelming tracks of the railroads and control of the diesel motor is dissected (Corman et al. 2017). The new advancement innovation are connected to the LRT structure expanding the effectiveness of the light rail framework and evacuating the hazard related with the light rail transportation. System Operational Requirement The tracks are required to be aligned according to the route and it is also required to be merged with the heavy rail and the metro rail for reducing the development cost. The voltage supply of from the overhead lines are required to be constant and the transformers are required to be installed at a regular distance for increasing the efficiency of the system. System development best practice is required to be followed for the development of the project and the quality of the equipments used for the development of the LRT framework should be maintained for the development of the project. System Maintenance and Support The tracks and the overhead lines of the LRT framework is required to be maintained for the avoiding errors in the light rail network. Regular maintenance reduces the risk of shutdown of the system and reliable technical equipments are required to be used for the development of the system. The energy efficiency of the devices are required to be maintained and the service are required to be available for supporting the LRT framework. Technical performance Measures (TPMs) The technical performance measures are determined for analysis of the reliability, maintenance and performance of the project. The system design is required to be created with the incorporation of different characteristics and attributes for the maintenance of the LRT framework. Conceptual Design The LRT framework is intended for Brisbane and the design of the framework is created for covering the primary areas of the city and in addition the business zones. The transport service is required to be improved in the suburbs and the congestion in the roads are avoided for the development of the LRT network. The capacity of the light rail is increased and is required to convey 30,000 to 40,000 travelers per day (Cartledge and Majestic 2015). The cost of deployment of the framework is required to be assessed for the preparation of the conceptual design and develop a cost effective solution for the avoiding the congestion in Brisbane. The LRT framework is designed such that it can take less space in the city and provide significant benefits for the peoples living in the city and the environment (Boarnet et al. 2013). The land is required to be utilized productively for the improvement of a more advantageous road condition and encourage the developments of the people on foot in the c ity. For the formation of an underground framework the travel organizers and the development cost of the underground passage is required to be considered. In the most swarmed roads there is a requirement for the usage of raised frameworks for dodging the activity issues and detachment of the whole track and exploit the driverless computerized framework (Cao and Schoner 2014). In addition the rail tracks can be shared for diminishing the cost of the advancement and spare space. The overwhelming rail and the metro rail tracks can be utilized by the LRT for entering the core of the urban regions and it can improve as a modular exchange medium. Preliminary system design A preliminary design is required to be created before the deployment of the project and the different phases involved in the development of the project is required to be analyzed. A functional analysis is required to be made for the preparation of the design and the main components required to be included in the design are listed for the development of the project. Various computational tools are used for the preparation of the design and the designers should have efficient knowledge for the preparation of the design. Functional Analysis and allocation The functional analysis is important for the development of the project and the outcome of the project is required to be analyzed. The conceptual design is used for analyzing the functionality of the system and the design is prepared according to the requirement of the commuters for avoiding congestion in the roadways and improve the transportation system. Preliminary design criteria For the preparation of the LRT framework the different standards that can be used for reducing the errors are analyzed and implemented. The ISO standards are required to be maintained for the implementation of the overhead cables and the electrical equipment used for running the light rail. The electrical drawings are also required to be designed maintaining the standards such that the electrical hazards are removed and the project becomes a success. The essential outline of the LRT relies upon the accompanying elements: Commuters- The need of the people travelling to different region in the city are required to be considered for analyzing the service they demand and including it in the light rail transit (Ramos-Santiago and Brown 2016). There are different types of commuters using the LRT for different purpose and it is documented below: Business, tourist, shopping reason for the short trek traveler It is utilized by the suburb travelers as diversion and work It is utilized by the understudies for attaining school or college on time It is utilized by the sidestep travelers to move from street to rail or rail to ship Used by patients and workers for maintaining a strategic distance from delay due to congestion on the road Proposed Administration-The light rail is proposed at an interim of 2 3 minutes amid the pinnacle hours and at an interim of 7-8 minutes in the lean hours. It is required to give quicker and reliable transportation service to the travelers. Management of traffic- To avoid traffic blockage and reduce the congestion in the city the traffic management is important and the management of the traffic can increase the efficiency of the light rail (Brown et al.2015). For the narrow roads a traffic diversion is required to be made for the accommodation of the increased number of vehicles in the city. Figure 1: LRT Network (Source: Created by author) Ticketing framework- The commuters should avoid the queue for getting their tickets from the diverse outlets at an interim of 2 3 km and keen card can likewise be utilized by the clients (Brecher and Arthur 2014). The e ticketing framework is required to be conveyed and the server is required to be figured out for recording the points of interest. Cost of deployment Item Cost in Millions Cost Equivalent French Francs in A$ Acquisition of the land 149.40 $ 33.79m Construction of the bridge 595.50 $134.68m Construction of station 485.00 $109.93m Construction of the tracks 658.00 $149.15m Installation of the control system 15.50 $3.41m Configuration of the control signals and communications 79.60 $18.00m Setup of the power plant 82.80 $18.73m Installation of overhead cables 33.50 $7.58m Deployment of the car sets 235.00 $53.15m SUB TOTAL 2334.3 set-up costs $528.42m A proper planning is required to be made for the deployment of the LRT and the course is required to be chosen to cover the most essential parts of the city like school, universities, doctor's facilities, work environment for profiting the clients to achieve their goal at a short interim of time. It is intended to interface all the roadways and the railroads for achieving the distinctive piece of the city in a less time (Currie and Delbosc 2013). For decreasing the movement the busiest piece of the city is additionally required to be secured and power is required to be provided for running the structure. Detailed Design and Development The light rail evolved from the trams and is used for urban transportation and works mainly on the primary design of the tramway. The capacity is increased and the speed is increased for the meeting the growing demands. The traditional type of tracks used for sharing the space in the roads and implementation of traffic signal control for avoiding congestion is also implemented for the development of the project. The speed of the vehicles and the frequency of the station are analyzed and documented for .the development of the project. The report is prepared for including the new equipments for increasing the performance of the LRT system and it can be used for different purpose and are reliable when compared with the heavy rail transit. Documentation The documentation of the project is important for controlling the quality of the project and different tools are used for the creation of the schedule and estimation of the budget for the development of the project. The raw data are included in the project documentation for testing of the project. Engineering tools and technologies Analytical model and tools are used for the computation of the requirement of the project and CAD is used for creation of a 3D model. The schedule of the project is created and the project manager is assigned to monitor the progress of the project according to the created schedule. Analytical Models and Modelling For the evaluation of the conceptual modelling different analytical tools and models are used. The use of the models helps in increasing the efficiency of the development of the project and for the application of the analytical model in the project development the design, testing and support for logistics are considered. The possible options for that can be applied are also evaluated for linking the project development with the requirement. Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that with the development of the LRT the transportation system of the system would be improved and it would help to develop a smart city. The people using the light rail for commuting different parts of the city can save a lot amount time and money. The traffic jams can be avoided with the increased use of the light rail transit because the light rail transit runs on separate track and underground route can also be used for communication. The challenges faced by the transportation industry can be resolved with the use of the light rail transportation. The landscape of the city can be changed and it also reduces the pollution in the city making a better place to live. The light rail is more secure than any other transportation and air pollution can be reduced to a great extent. The less congestion in the road also reduces the chances of accidents and the efficiency of the light rail can be increased by increasing the speed and covering the mos tly populated areas, schools, workplace in the city. Recommendations It is recommended that the following measures are required to be taken for the improvement of the light rail framework and increase the efficiency of the current transportation system. Creation of a proper layout design- A layout of the city and the important areas required to be covered for avoiding the congestion is required to be created for the deployment of the light rail transit. Addition of service- The schedule of the rails is required to be available to the commuters for increasing the efficiency of the system and use the light rail network efficiently. Covering the main area- For meeting the needs of the commuters the rail network is required to be created covering the densely populated areas of the city and the main places like schools, hospitals and workplace. This would reduce the congestion in the streets to a significant level. References Boarnet, M.G., Hong, A., Lee, J., Wang, X., Houston, D. and Spears, S., 2013. The exposition light rail line study: a before and after study of the impact of new light rail transit service. Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California. Bonotti, R., Rossetti, S., Tiboni, M. and Tira, M., 2015. Analysing Space-Time Accessibility Towards the Implementation of the Light Rail System: The Case Study of Brescia. Planning Practice Research, 30(4), pp.424-442. Brecher, A. and Arthur, D., 2014. Review and evaluation of wireless power transfer (WPT) for electric transit applications (No. FTA Report No. 0060). Brown, B.B., Werner, C.M., Tribby, C.P., Miller, H.J. and Smith, K.R., 2015. Transit use, physical activity, and body mass index changes: objective measures associated with complete street light-rail construction. American journal of public health, 105(7), pp.1468-1474. Cao, X.J. and Schoner, J., 2014. The influence of light rail transit on transit use: An exploration of station area residents along the Hiawatha line in Minneapolis. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 59, pp.134-143. Cartledge, B.T. and Majestic, B.J., 2015. Metal concentrations and soluble iron speciation in fine particulate matter from light rail activity in the Denver-Metropolitan area. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 6(3), pp.495-502. Corman, F., Kraijema, S., Godjevac, M. and Lodewijks, G., 2017. Optimizing preventive maintenance policy: A data-driven application for a light rail braking system. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability, p.1748006X17712662. Currie, G. and Delbosc, A., 2013. Exploring comparative ridership drivers of bus rapid transit and light rail transit routes. Journal of Public Transportation, 16(2), p.3. Ganiron Jr, T.U., 2016. Technological Evolution of Manila Light Rail Transit System. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 89, pp.9-16. Li, H., Peng, J., Liu, W. and Huang, Z., 2015. Stationary Charging Station Design for Sustainable Urban Rail Systems: A Case Study at Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., China. Sustainability, 7(1), pp.465-481. Li, T., Lu, J. and Lpez, L.M., 2015. Preface: Intelligent techniques for data science. International journal of intelligent systems. Lijun, D., Kan, D., Leiting, Z., Lei, W. and Jie, C., 2014. Dual DSPs-FPGA structured traction control system for urban rail transit vehicle. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 1, p.024. Rakoczy, P., Wilson, N., Bruce, I. and Myers, S., 2017, April. Performance of Passenger Rail Vehicles Under Blast Conditions: Testing and Modeling. In 2017 Joint Rail Conference (pp. V001T02A002-V001T02A002). American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Ramos-Santiago, L.E. and Brown, J., 2016. A comparative assessment of the factors associated with station-level streetcar versus light rail transit ridership in the United States. Urban studies, 53(5), pp.915-935. Seo, K., Golub, A. and Kuby, M., 2014. Combined impacts of highways and light rail transit on residential property values: A spatial hedonic price model for Phoenix, Arizona. Journal of Transport Geography, 41, pp.53-62. Winnett, J., Hoffrichter, A., Iraklis, A., McGordon, A., Hughes, D.J., Ridler, T. and Mallinson, N., 2016, November. Development of a very light rail vehicle. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Transport (pp. 1-12). Thomas Telford Ltd.