Police System In Japan Essay

In Japan, jurisprudence force carcass generally enjoy wide community support and respect. The system, so called keisatsu seido consists of or so 220,000 police officers who are organized into prefectural forces coordinated and partially controlled by the National Police Agency in Tokyo.Concerning the historical development, during the Edo peak we are talking active the years 1600 1868 here, the Tokugawa Shogunate ( the form of those eld g all overning the country ) developed elaborate police system found on town magistrates who held samurai status and served as chiefs of police, prosecutors and criminal judges. The system was all-inclusive by citizens s groups such as five-family associations ( gonin gumi ) . These groups were composed of neighbours, collectively probable to the government for the activities of their membership.After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the main change in the whole Japanese history, the Home Ministry was progress toed in 1873. With jurisdictio n over the Police Bureau, it effectively controlled the police. This new, centralized police system had wide-ranging responsibilities, includng the way to issue ordinances and handle quasi-judicial functions. It also regulated universal health, factories, constructions, businesses and issued permits, licenses and orders.In 1911 the particular(a)(a) Higher Police was established to help control proscribed policy-making activities. Later in 1928 it was strengthened with the introduction of the Peace Preservation Law. When the Sino-Japanese fight began in 1937, the police were given the added responsibilities of regulating business activities for the war efforts, mobilizing tote and controlling transportatioon. Also regulation of publications, motion pictures, political meetings, and election campaigns came downstairs police direction.After World War II, Japan as a defeated country was to a lower place strong pressure and influence in general from the U.S., on all branches of life, including the police system. The National Diet the highest organ of call down power was required to enact a new Police Law. This 1947 rectitude abolished the previous Home Ministry. It decentralized the system by establishing about 1,600 self-sufficing municipal police forces in all cities and towns with population of over 5,000 smaller communities. These were served by the newly created National Rural Police. General contol of the police was vatical to be ensured by the establishment of civilian public recourse commissions.As to present structure, today the Japanese police system is based on prefectural units that are autonomous in daily trading operations withal are linked nationalwide under the National Police Agency. Prefectural police headquarters, including the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, control everyday police operations in each prefecture. In effect, the prefectures pay for the patrol man on the beat, traffic control over domestic security units , which are funded by the national government, as are the salaries of senior national and prefectural police officials.Prefectures are divided into districts, each with its own police station under direct control of prefectural police headquarters. There are about 1,250 of these police stations nationwide. Districts are further subdivided into jurisdictions of urban police boxes ( koban ) and cracker-barrel residential police boxes ( chuzaisho).The mainstay of the Japanese police system is the supply patrol officer (omawari san ). The patrol officers supply the police boxes and patrol cars and comprised 40 percent of al incidents and crimes and then move them to the specialized units for further investigation.The world of police resposibilities remains broad. Besides solving ordinary crimes, criminal investigators establish the causes of fires and industrial accidents. Crime measure police hold added responsibility for juveniles, businesses and the enforcement of special laws reg ulating gun and sword ownership, drugs, smuggling, prostitution, pornography and industrial pollution. Public safety commissions usually defer to police decisions.Police contact with the community is panoptic by the requirement that koban based police visit every stem in their jurisdiction to gather information, pass on suggestions regarding crime prevention and hear complaints. Neighbourhood crime prevention and traffic safety associations render another link between police and community, further promoting extensive public involvement in law and order.